Creating the Constitution SWBAT: Unit 5 - The Early Republic: 8. The student will interpret and analyze the important causes and consequences for the creation of a new republic: A) Articles of Confederation: strengths and weaknesses B) Land Ordinance of 1785 and Northwest Ordinance of 1787: orderly growth of the US C) Constitutional Convention: A bundle of compromises D) Significant people of the time period: George Washington, James Madison, Ben Franklin GLE's: 2.3aE Content Standards: SS1, SS 3 Process Standards: 1.8, 3.8, 4.3

Call for Convention September 1786 – Annapolis, Maryland (discussed way to promote trade among the states) Most states charged high taxes on good from other states Changes needed to Articles of Confederation – 12 states agreed to meet May 1787 to discuss amending the Articles (Rhode Island declined)

Constitutional Convention May 1787 President of Convention: George Washington Kept secret – to avoid politics Secretary (note taker) James Madison

Attendees / Those Missing 55 attendees or Founding Fathers of the United States James Wilson & James Madison – popular sovereignty: government in which people rule Not there: Thomas Jefferson and John Adams (overseas) Patrick Henry – refused to go. He said he “smelled a rat….tending toward monarchy” No…Native Americans, African Americans, or women

Challenges of the Convention Founding Fathers saw the difficulties states had with their populations – Citizens wanted federal government strong enough to protect the population, but not so strong it would oppress them.

Disagreement of Representation 2 Plans James Madison….. The Virginia Plan: Government with 3 Branches – Executive, Judicial, and Legislative Upper house, and lower house (each based on states population) Checks and Balances (Small states didn’t like this…why?) William Paterson….. The New Jersey Plan: Single house congress – each state had an equal vote

The Great Compromise To satisfy the small states…..each state would have an equal number of votes in the Senate. To satisfy the larger states, representation in the House of Representatives was according to population July 16, 1787 – the convention passed the plan

The Three-Fifths Compromise South – wanted slaves counted as population for representation, but not for taxation North – did not want slaves counted as population, but wanted them counted for taxation purposes 3/5 of the slave population would be counted for both purposes: representation and taxation

Slavery issues continues North – no slavery South – would not sign anything that outlawed slavery Congress agreed - they could not ban slavery until 1808 September 17, 1787 the delegates passed the Constitution (all but 3 of the 42 delegates present signed the document) – It was then sent to each state for approval

Up, Down, Backs 1.Small states supported the New Jersey Plan because… a.Representation in Congress would be based on a state’s population b.There would be two houses of Congress c.It allowed each state equal representation

Up, Down, Backs 2. For the purposes of representation and taxation, enslaved people were counted as a.one-half of the population b.Three-fifths of the population c.Five-eighths of the population

Up, Down, Backs 3.The Virginia Plan benefited a.States with large populations b.States with small popluations c.Slave states

Up, Down, Backs 4. The Founding Fathers dealt with the issue of slavery by stating that a.Individual states would regulate the slave trade b.The slave trade could not be banned until 1808 c.It should be banned

Up, Down, Backs 5. As set out in the Constitution, which branch of government is responsible bor making laws? a.Judicial b.Executive c.Legislative

Up, Down, Backs –review from The Confederacy 1.The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 determined a.How the Northwest Territory was to be governed b.That Congress could levy taxes to pay off its war debt c.That slavery would be allowed to continue in the Northwest Territory

Up, Down, Backs –review from The Confederacy 2, The farmers involved in Shay’s Rebellion were protesting a.The banning of slavery in the Northwest Territory b.Their lack of voting rights c.High taxes

Up, Down, Backs –review from The Confederacy 3.Which of the following statements about the power of the Confederation Congress is true a.It had the power to enforce national laws b.It had the poser to issue money c.It had the power to deal with foreign nations on an equal basis

Up, Down, Backs –review from The Confederacy What 2 issues did members of the Continental Congress debate when creating the Articles of Confederation? a.Selecting a president and deciding who should be allowed to vote b.The number of representatives in Congress and control of the Northwest Territory c.Collecting Taxes and Declaring war