Chapter 16.1 and 16.2 American Civil War

The War Begins Fort Sumner: Charleston, South Carolina Major Robert Anderson (North Leader) was in charge of the fort Lincoln had to decide what to do with the federal fort Lincoln decided supply ships to the fort Confederacy attacked the ships until Anderson was forced to surrender. No one was killed.

Border States Missouri, Kentucky, West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware. What are they Important to either side?

Strengths of the North Union had advantages in manpower and resources. Larger Population in the North then the South Had more railroads and factories too Lincoln was their greatest asset. United the North into believing they should preserve the Union.

Strengths of the South While the North had Lincoln, the South had Robert E. Lee as a general Fought from the defensive stand point Northern supply lines would have to travel farther.

North Strategy Wanted to bring the South back into the Union. General Winfield Scott came up with the Anaconda Plan. The plan was to smother the south’s economy like a giant anaconda. Formed a blockade along the Southern coast to block goods.

Southern Strategy Southern states were on the defensive. Jefferson Davis wanted the South to be Independent and hoped the North would tire out and surrender. Depended on King Cotton to win support from foreign countries. Hoped other countries would help them because they knew how important cotton was. Eventually went onto the offensive, instead of the defensive.

Battle of Bull Run July 21, 1861 The Union Army attack on the Confederate Capital of Richmond, Virginia. North General: General Irvin McDowell South Generals: General Pierre Beauregard and General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson Outcome: South defeated the North. Lincoln had underestimated the South.

16.2 Life in the Army Who Fought: Between the age of 18 to 30 Majority were farmers Made mostly of Americans with different regiments of immigrants. African Americans wanted to fight but were not allowed to at first.

Training Soldiers Camped in tents Formed companies and elected leaders Given guns and uniforms. Ran drills for training

Hardships of the Army Not enough shoes or uniforms for all the soldiers Unsanitary camps Poor hygiene for the troops Poor hygiene leads to disease for soldiers

Today’s Objectives Discuss Major Battles of the Early Civil War Identify important people during the War.

New Weapons Iron clad warships: Ships covered with iron to protect them from cannon balls. Union: Monitor Confederate: Merimcack or Virginia Rifle: gave bullets the ability to spin and travel farther. Minie Ball: Bullet with a hollow base. Could travel farther then muskets.

Note Quiz Who was the President of the Confederacy? Who won the Battle of Bull Run? Name the North Ironclad ship Name the South Ironclad ship Who was in charge of Fort Sumter?

16.3 Union Victories Union Victories: Lead by General Ulysses S. Grant Fort Henry in Tennessee Fort Donelson, North of Henry Gives the North a direct River route to Alabama The two river fort victories leads to the Battle of Shiloh

The Battle of Shiloh April 6th, 1862 Battle took place in the south of Tennessee Union Leader: Grant Confederate Leader: Albert S. Johnston (killed in battle) Fierce battle that would end up being won by the North. Heavy rain lead to a flood. North Casualties: 13,000 South Casualties: 11,000

Fall of New Orleans Spring of 1862 Union leader: David Farragut lead the Union ships through cannon fire and burning rafts The goal of taking New Orleans was to cut the Confederacy in half.

Southern Victories Robert E. Lee commanded the Eastern Confederate army against George McClellan of the North. The two fought in the Seven Days’ Battles near Richmond Lee defeat McClellan and forced him to retreat. Lee fought the Union in the second Battle of Bull Run Lee moved in up into the North

The Battle of Antietam Lee made his way into Maryland, a northern territory. McClellan found Lee’s plans for his campaign. McClellan and Lee fought at Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, Maryland. A combined 25,000 troops were killed or injured. McClellan did not follow Lee to finish him off. Lincoln fired him for this decision.