FOREIGN POLICY OF LENIN’S RUSSIA Michael Han Maura Brown Conor Doyle Katie Farnsworth

TREATY OF BREST-LITOVSK  Bolsheviks claimed they wanted peace and to end the war. They promised to deliver “peace, bread and land” to Russian.  However, Lenin really wanted to transform WWI into an international civil war.  Central Powers agreed to an armistice on Eastern Front while making a treaty.  A peace treaty was negotiated by Lenin’s lieutenant, Trotsky, with Imperial Germany and her allies in Polish town Brest Litovsk on Dec. 3, 1917.

TREATY OF BREST-LITOVSK  Trotsky had the task to try to end Russian participation in WWI without having to grant territory to the Central Powers.  He delayed as long as he could in hopes that the socialist revolutions would spread from Russia to Germany and Austria-Hungary before he had to sign.  After 9 weeks of disagreement, Germany was told to resume its advance and attack on Eastern Front of Russia.  Lenin was forced to order Trotsky to sign because of the German invasion.

EFFECTS OF THE TREATY  Treaty resulted in Russia surrendering Ukraine, Finland, the Baltic provinces, the Caucasus and Poland to the Central Powers, giving up 1/3 of Russian population, 1/3 of agricultural land, and 3/4 of its industries.  Anti-Bolshevik Russians were enraged that the Bolsheviks signed the treaty, giving up so much of their country.  They took up arms against Bolsheviks, with allied forces.  They hoped to rebuild Eastern Front.

CIVIL WAR  Following October revolution in 1917, Lenin’s Bolsheviks soon found themselves in civil war with the conservative White Guard, who supported the Allies  Russians withdrew from World War I (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk)  As a result, the Allies lost an ally against Germany Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity

ALLIED INTERVENTION  Allies were focused on the war against Germany, not about fighting communism  Joined the White Guard in 1917 to re-establish the Eastern Front and weaken Germany  Japan sent a large amount of forces, as retribution of the Russo- Japanese War of  This would only last for 1 year; the Allies withdrew from Russia in 1918

WHY?  Only committed a few thousand troops total  Unmotivated and half-hearted  Minimal levels of financial support  Their withdrawal paved the way for the Bolsheviks to handily win the war. Country# of Battle Deaths Russia500,000 UK350 France50 US275 Japan1500 Finland50

COMINTERN  Comintern – Communist International; Third International  Lenin was a major influence in the creation ("With Friendship" )

COMINTERN CONT.  President of the Comintern: Grigory Zinoviev  Lenin was the person pulling the strings though.  Main goal of the Comintern: to establish Communist parties across the world to aid in the world revolution. ("True Knowledge" )

COMINTERN CONT.  Held seven Congresses between 1919 and 1935  Had diversified membership from all over the world  Had twenty-one conditions that needed to be followed to be a part of the Comintern

PEOPLE IN POWER  Lenin  Lev Mikhailovich Karakhan  Lev Trotsky  Vi Kyuin Wellington Koo

RELATIONS WITH CHINA  TO THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE CHINESE REPUBLIC(September 27, 1920)  AGREEMENT ON GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR THE SETTLEMENT OF QUESTIONS BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS

MORE PEOPLE IN POWER  Woodrow Wilson  Lenin  Provisional Government

RELATIONS WITH AMERICA  Yury Lomonosov Railways  Woodrow Wilson Secretly funding enemies Refusal to cooperate with Lomonosov

WORKS CITED  Smele, Dr. Jonathan. “War and Revolution in Russia ” bbc.co.uk. Retrieved November 17, 2011, from  Simkin, John. “Brest-Litovsk Treaty.” spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk. Retrieved November 17, 2011, from  The National Archives. "Allied intervention in Russia, " Accessed November 25,  Smele, Dr. Jonathan. "War and Revolution in Russia " BBC. Accessed November 25,  George Mason University. "Much Ado About Nothing: Allied Intervention in the Russian Civil War." Accessed November 25,  "True Knowledge." Accessed November 23,  "With Friendship." Accessed November 23,  True Knowledge.  "1919, Karakhan - Soviet Russia." China's External Relations - A History. (accessed November 25, 2011)  "Other Soviet Union Trains for Sale." Dave's Trains, Inc.. (accessed November 25, 2011).