Classification of matter

What does it mean to classify? …to sort or organize into groups based on similar characteristics or properties…

Examples of how we classify every day things Stars Books (Dewey Decimal System) Swahili nouns Musical instruments Living things

What is MATTER? Anything that… has MASS takes up SPACE

Properties of Matter Examples of physical properties: color shape texture hardness density solubility ductility malleability Examples of chemical properties: combustibility flammability reactivity to acid tendency to rust

QUESTIONS?

MATTER LIQUID SOLID PLASMA GAS How is matter classified here?

MATTER HOMOGENEOUS HETEROGENEOUS Another way to classify matter

Homogeneous Matter homo = same geneous = kind, type identical properties throughout

Name 3 kinds of matter that have the same properties throughout. Homogeneous Matter Name 3 kinds of matter that have the same properties throughout.

Heterogeneous Matter hetero = different geneous = kind, type parts have different properties

Name 3 kinds of matter that have different properties throughout. Heterogeneous Matter Name 3 kinds of matter that have different properties throughout.

QUESTIONS?

MATTER MIXTURES PURE SUBSTANCES COMPOUNDS ELEMENTS yet another way to classify matter

PURE SUBSTANCE made up of only one material definite properties uniform properties throughout Subcategories: elements compounds

MATTER MIXTURES PURE SUBSTANCES COMPOUNDS ELEMENTS

ELEMENTS simplest pure substance cannot be changed into anything simpler ATOM = smallest particle of an element represented by chemical symbol (shorthand) 

Who said this? All elements are made up of atoms. Atoms of the same element are alike; atoms of different elements are different.

MATTER MIXTURES PURE SUBSTANCES COMPOUNDS ELEMENTS

COMPOUNDS two or more elements chemically combined pure substances made up of more than one element combined in a definite ratio (has a formula)

COMPOUNDS can be broken down into simpler substances (elements) ONLY by chemical means properties of compound are very different from properties of parts

Name 3 examples of compounds.

click above to see Na + Cl2 react EXAMPLE NaCl (salt) Sodium (Na) silvery metal reacts explosively w/ water Chlorine (Cl2) poisonous greenish gas click above to see Na + Cl2 react

QUESTIONS?

MATTER MIXTURES PURE SUBSTANCES COMPOUNDS ELEMENTS

MIXTURES 2 or more substances physically mixed, but not chemically combined can be separated by physical means any combination of the phases any ratio of parts parts have separate identity

Name 3 examples of mixtures.

Types of Mixtures Solution one substance is dissolved in another homogeneous dissolving substance = SOLVENT dissolved material = SOLUTE

Types of Mixtures Alloys Examples: mixture of 2 metals usually homogeneous Examples: steel = iron + carbon brass = zinc + copper bronze = copper + tin

Types of Mixtures Suspension Colloid a mixture which will separate when undisturbed (particles will settle out) heterogeneous e.g. dust particles in air; sand in water Colloid a mixture between a solution and a suspension (particles don’t settle out) e.g. fog and milk

Types of Mixtures Other types: Can you think of others? Emulsion (e.g. mayo) Gel (e.g. jelly) Can you think of others?

MATTER MIXTURES PURE SUBSTANCES COMPOUNDS ELEMENTS

QUESTIONS?