Topic: Biochemistry Aim: What is the stuff that makes up stuff? DO NOW: List 3 ideas and explain

Life Science is the study of living things such as plants and animals

that study non-living systems Physical science is the study of the properties and structures of matter, space and time Physical Science

When these world collide!

Smallest unit of matter known. Composed of protons, neutron, electrons 100 million atoms lined up in a row = one centimeter

Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter that make up everyday objects. example: A desk, the air, There are 90 naturally occurring kinds of atoms. Scientists in labs have been able to make about 25 more.

Types of subatomic particles Combine with electrons and (usually) neutrons to make atoms Protons are nearly the same size as neutrons and are much larger than electrons. Protons have a positive electrical charge

Types of sub-atomic particles Neutron does not have an electrical charge called a neutral charge Neutrons and protons are almost exactly the same size but much larger than electrons

Types of subatomic particles Electrons have a negative electrical charge Found on electron clouds surrounding the nucleus

A pure substance that consists of entirely one type of atom Represented by letters or symbols Approximately two dozen are found in living things

In total, 117 elements have been observed as of 2007, of which 94 occur naturally on Earth.

How do I read the periodic table? Atomic number : # of protons There are an equal number of electrons as protons Atomic Mass: # of protons + # of neutrons

Examples of elements Oxygen Nitrogen Carbon Hydrogen Sodium Chlorine Potassium Sulfur O H C Na S N K Cl

Substances that are formed by the chemical combination of two or more different elements Most abundant compound on Earth is ___________ water

Are expressed through formulas 1.Chemical formulas 2.Structural formulas C 12 H 22 O 11 C 6 H 12 O 6

The attraction of atoms that cause element to form compounds

Chemical Bonds a. COVALENT Sharing of electrons b. IONIC Attraction between two opposites (charged atoms)

Gas Has no fixed shape Has no fixed volume Made of particles that move rapidly The particles also have large spaces between them in comparison to solids and liquids

Examples of Gases are Steam Oxygen Carbon dioxide Smog Tear Gas Helium

Check out the Following Site on Gas :Gas

Liquid Has no fixed shape Has a fixed volume Particles move past one another easily Particles are fairly close, but not in a neat even arrangement as the particles in a solid are

Examples of Liquids are Orange Juice Water Soft drinks Milk Rubbing Alcohol Vinegar

Check out the following Site on Liquids :Liquids

Solid Has a fixed shape Has a fixed volume Particles are arranged in a tight, regular pattern Particles move very little

Examples of Solids are Ice Frog Cheese Bricks Wood Popcicle

Check out the Following Site on Solids :Solids

Aim: How are the Three States of Matter accomplished?

Watch this Brainpop Movie on the States of Matter States of Matter :

Writing Activity The students will describe the three states of matter and include the following : At least one example of each state A description of each state

Phases of matter

Topic: Biochemistry Aim: Why do compound behave differently? DO NOW: Handout #1-5 and Using the following words create one sentence. element compound atom Compounds are any combination of different elements which are each made up of one type of atom.

There are two categories of compounds: Organic Inorganic

is a chemical compound that contains carbon and hydrogen Found in all living things Examples C 6 H CH 4

Is chemical compound that DOES NOT contain Carbon and hydrogen bonds Not capable of creating life, no combination makes life Examples NaCl H 2 O

NaCl

Lipids make up fats, oils and waxes Lipids can be found in butter, olive oil, peanut oil, cheese, milk, animal fat

LIPIDS THAT ARE ARE CALLED FAT LIPIDS THAT ARE SOLID ARE CALLED FAT LIPIDS THAT ARE LIQUID ARE CALLED OIL

Lipids Building blocks : One Glycerol molecule and three Fatty Acid molecules

Chemical Formulas: C 57 H 110 O 6 C 54 H 99 O 6 Ratio is greater than 1:2:1

Lipid Functions include energy storage, acting as structural parts of cell membranes, insulation, and participating as important signaling molecules

Topic: Biochemistry Aim: Why are carbohydrates needed for life? 1.H2 7. Al 2 2.H 2 SO 4 8. H 3.C 6 H 12 O 6 4.S 5.H 2 O 6.CO 2 DO NOW: Identify the following as an atom, an element, or a compound:

Carbohydrates Building blocks: Monosaccharides Aka simple sugars

Chemical Formulas: C 6 H 12 O 6 C 12 H 22 O 11 Ratio 1:2:1

Source of short term & long term ENERGY Carbohydrate Functions

Carbohydrates come in many forms that are classified into three categories:

1.How can determine a lipid by chemical formula? 2.How can we identify a carbohydrate by name? 3.What is the usual structural shape of a carbohydrate molecule? Greater than 2:1 ratio -OSE ending Ring shaped

DO Now: Complete Quiz # 6

There are 20 different sorts of amino acid, each with slightly different properties Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids, and are often folded up into a ball shape.

An 'average' protein has about 250 amino acids in its chain. How many different combinations are there of 250 amino acids? Although there are billions and billions of possible combinations, actually there are less than 100,000 used in the human body according to the best estimates of the scientists.