Explaining HIV Risk as an Outcome of Social Discrimination Social Discrimination Homophobia Racism Poverty HIV Risk Behavior ?

Risk as an Individual Factor Information / Perceived Risk Motivations / Intentions Skills Risk Behavior

Risk as a Contextual Factor Oppressive Social Factors Psychological Impact of Oppression High Risk Situations Risk Behavior

Explaining HIV Risk as an Outcome of Social Discrimination Social Discrimination Homophobia Racism Poverty HIV Risk Behavior Psychological Distress Difficult Sexual Situations Díaz, R.M., Ayala, G., Bein, E, (2003). Sexual Risk as an Outcome of Social Oppression: Data from a probability sample of Latino gay men in three US cities. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology. 10(3): Denotes mediator

Experiences of Racism & Sexual Risk

Financial Hardship* and Sexual Risk (*More than once or twice in the last 12 months)

Experiences of Homophobia & Sexual Risk

Resiliency Factors

Explaining HIV Risk as an Outcome of Social Discrimination Social Discrimination Homophobia Racism Poverty HIV Risk Behavior Psychological Distress Resiliency Social Isolation & Low Self-Esteem Difficult Sexual Situations Díaz, R.M., Ayala, G., Bein, E, Henne, J. And Marin, B.V. (2001) The Impact of Homophobia, Poverty and Racism on the Mental Health of Gay and Bisexual Latino Men: Findings from the 3 U.S. Cities. American Journal of Public Health, 91(6): Denotes mediator