Evolution: A Remodeling process

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Presentation transcript:

Evolution: A Remodeling process Section 15.2

Refinement of Existing Adaptations Any living organism may have many adaptations. A complex structure may have evolved from simpler structures. Ex: Camera –like eye of mammals has evolved from simpler eye types

Adaptation of Existing Structures to New Functions Flippers of Penguins modified wings

Development Feet in various salamanders Salamanders  vertebrates closely related to frogs, live in land or water, but some live in trees Tree dwelling ones have feet adapted to climbing Ground Dwelling Tree Dwelling w/ more webbing

Fossil records Section 15.3

Formation of Fossils Fossil Records and the Geologic Time Scale Dating Fossils Continental Drift Mass Extinction

Fossil Records and the Geologic Time Scale Most Recent Layers: Top Oldest Layers: Bottom

Geologic Time Scale Distinct Ages in Earth’s History Precambrian Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic See fig 15-18 p337

Dating Fossils Relative Dating Absolute Dating Radioactive Dating

Relative Dating Determines the Order in which events occurred Not Actual Age

Absolute Dating Determines how long ago an event occurred: Actual Age

Radioactive Dating Based on measurement of certain radioactive isotopes. Used to determine the absolute ages of rocks and fossils Measured in Half-Life

Half-Life Time required for a radioisotope to lose ½ of its radioactivity. Ex: Carbon-14: ½ life ~ 5730 yrs. decays into Nitrogen-14

Carbon-14 is produced in the atmosphere fairly constant rate 14C is constant in all living things. When an organism dies, it no longer picks up 14C. By comparing the activity of a sample with the activity of living tissue time an organism has been dead

Continental Drift Land masses on different plates change positions as a result of movement

Mass Extinction Long periods of relative stability broken by comparatively brief episodes of species loss 5 or 6 over the last million years

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