17.3 T EDDY R OOSEVELT ’ S S QUARE D EAL OBJECTIVE: Understand the reforms of Roosevelt’s Administration

Q UIZ 17.3/ 17.4 __________ was a book that exposed the unsafe practice of the meat packing industry. Who wrote that book? ___________ became president after McKinley’s assassination. What was the political party founded by Teddy Roosevelt for his 1912 Presidential Campaign? ____________ won the 1912 Presidential election.

T HEODORE R OOSEVELT Governor of NY. Reformer. Hero of Spanish American War. Nominated to be Vice-President by Republican party bosses. WHY?? 1901 Pres. McKinley assassinated, TR becomes President. Creates the “modern presidency” b/c of his popularity with the public and use of media/press. Uses White House as a “bully pulpit” What did he do to turn it into a “bully pulpit”?

H OW DID R OOSEVELT REDEFINE F EDERAL P OWER ? 1. “Square Deal” Roosevelt’s package of reforms Expands the use of federal power to reform US Why was it called the Square Deal? 2. Arbitrates the 1902 Coal Strike What was happening in the coal mines? Threatened to assume control of mines HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Govt. did not automatically back big business

3. Trust Busting Mixed record of success Mixed message - considers some trusts good and other bad. Focused on filing suits under Sherman Antitrust Act Filed 44 antitrust lawsuits 4. Railroad regulation Elkins Act of illegal for railroads to give or receive rebates Hepburn Act of strictly limited the distribution of free railroad passes These gave the Interstate Commerce Commission more power to curb the railroads power through federal regulation.

PROTECTING HEALTH 1906: Meat Inspection Act : Dictated strict cleanliness for meat factories (reaction to Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle ) What did The Jungle say? 1906: Pure Food and Drug Act Halted the sale of contaminated food and medicines and called for truth in labeling

Theodore Roosevelt cartoon "A nauseating job, but it must be done" Upton Sinclair's novel, The Jungle, published in 1906, prompted President Theodore Roosevelt to order an investigation of Sinclair's allegations about unsanitary practices. Roosevelt then used the results of that investigation to pressure Congress into approving new federal legislation to inspect meatpacking. (Utica Saturday Globe) T HEODORE R OOSEVELT CARTOON "A NAUSEATING JOB, BUT IT MUST BE DONE " Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

R OOSEVELT AND REFORM CONSERVATION  Created US Forest Service  Creates over 50 national parks & wilderness areas CIVIL RIGHTS Ambiguous record dealing with Civil Rights Hosted Booker T. Washington at White House, Yet, did not embrace reforms of NAACP What was the goal of the NAACP?

Theodore Roosevelt with John Muir at Yosemite, 1903 In 1903, at Yosemite National Park, Theodore Roosevelt met with John Muir, a leading advocate for the preservation of wilderness. While Roosevelt made important contributions to the preservation of parks and wildlife refuges, he was more interested in the careful management of national resources, including federal lands. (Yosemite Museum) T HEODORE R OOSEVELT WITH J OHN M UIR AT Y OSEMITE, 1903 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

P ROGRESSIVISM U NDER T AFT Objectives: 1. Summarize the Taft Presidency 2. Trace the division of the Republican party 3. Describe the election of 1912

T AFT ’ S P RESIDENCY “Never felt like the President” Busted 90 trusts but never got the credit he deserved Payne-Aldrich Tariff Signed into law by Taft Didn’t really lower tariffs like Progressives wanted to Why were Progressives in favor of lowering tariffs? Public Land problems – Taft ended up selling many western lands to big business angering conservationists

R EPUBLICAN P ARTY S PLITS Conservative Republicans and Progressive Republicans split Speaker of House Joseph Cannon often ignored Progressive bills He was supported by Taft Election of the Democrats regain Congress in 1910 for first time in 18 years

B ULL M OOSE P ARTY Angry at Taft’s lack of success, Roosevelt ran for President again Created the Progressive Party which came to be known as the Bull Moose Party. People boasted Teddy was strong as a “bull moose” Were in favor of Progressive reforms Initiative, referendum, women’s suffrage, minimum wage etc. Democrats selected Woodrow Wilson to represent them.

E LECTION OF 1912 Taft and Roosevelt attacked each other during the campaign Taft – lenient on Big Business Roosevelt – govt. action to support big business, but didn’t oppose all of them Wilson – small business and free-market competition, ALL big business = EVIL Debs – end to capitalism “Don’t interfere when your enemy is destroying himself”