The New South

Bourbon Triumvirate Redemption Era Redemption Era : period after Reconstruction and before the “New South” Redeem the state from the hardships of Reconstruction (i.e.…The Republican Party) The Bourbon TriumvirateThe Bourbon Triumvirate: Joseph Brown, Alfred Colquitt, and John Gordon Democrats who wanted stronger economic ties with northern industry but maintain “old South traditions” (White Supremacy)

Joseph Brown Yale Law School Opened law office in Canton, GA State senator Judge N. Georgia farmer 1857: elected governor State’s rights activist Possible connections to KKK

Alfred Colquitt Princeton Law School Fought in Mexican War State senator Maj. Gen. in Confederate Army 1876: elected Governor State debt reduced New state constitution (1877) Political Ally Political Ally: one who shares a common cause

John B. Gordon Lt. Gen. in Confederate Army Newspaper man Manager of coal mine Rumored Head of Georgia’s KKK during Reconstruction 1886: elected Governor Brought new industry to Georgia.

The Bourbon Triumvirate Successes State taxes lowered State war debts reduced Business and industry expandedBusiness and industry expandedFailures Did not improve lives of poor Education suffered Did not reform prisonsDid not reform prisons Poor working conditions in factories

“The New South” New South IndustryNew South: A phrase used to describe southern progress in the late 1800s…Industry!New South IndustryNew South: A phrase used to describe southern progress in the late 1800s…Industry! Promoted: Industry, Crop Diversification and Investment in Southern IndustryPromoted: Industry, Crop Diversification and Investment in Southern Industry Henry W. GradyHenry W. Grady: first to use the phrase “NEW SOUTH”…editor for the Atlanta ConstitutionHenry W. GradyHenry W. Grady: first to use the phrase “NEW SOUTH”…editor for the Atlanta The international Cotton Exposition

The International Cotton Exposition In 1881, as part of his New South Program, Henry Grady promoted Georgia's first International Cotton Exposition The exposition attracted 200,000 paid visitors during its 2 ½ month run and showed the country that Georgia was ready for more industry.

International Cotton Exposition Atlanta, 1881: It was a fair to bring money to Atlanta’s Cotton textile business. Cotton textile business. Millions of dollars were invested in Atlanta and new jobs were created. Atlanta become known as the center of the New South. Atlanta, 1881: It was a fair to bring money to Atlanta’s Cotton textile business. Cotton textile business. Millions of dollars were invested in Atlanta and new jobs were created. Atlanta become known as the center of the New South.

Populists Populism was a political party known as the People’s Party The Populists wanted the government to do more to regulate the economy so that farmers could earn more money for their crops The Populist Party encouraged farmers to work together for their cause through alliances Most of these farmers were white, but there were some African-American Populists

The Populist Party The Farmers’ Alliance joined with labor organizations (unions) to form this new political party. Platform: 1.8-hour workday 2.Gov’t ownership of railroad, telephone and telegraph 3.Graduated federal income tax 4.Direct election of U.S. Senators 5.Restriction of immigration 6.Use of Australian Ballot: Ballot printed by gov’t, distributed at voting places, and collected in secret sealed boxes Election 1892 Election: Democrat Grover Cleveland won…Populist candidate: James B. Weaver James B. Weaver White and black farmers

Tom Watson & the Populists Small farmers in Georgia were not prospering because farm product prices were dropping and they were paying too much for shipping their products. Populism: when farmers formed groups to help one another (ex: The Farmers’ Alliance). Small farmers in Georgia were not prospering because farm product prices were dropping and they were paying too much for shipping their products. Populism: when farmers formed groups to help one another (ex: The Farmers’ Alliance).

Tom Watson Georgia’s best known Populist.Georgia’s best known Populist. 1882: elected to Georgia General Assembly 1890: elected to Congress with backing of Farmers’ Alliance Rural Free Delivery Bill (RFD): –Introduced the Rural Free Delivery Bill (RFD): required the postmaster general to find a way to deliver mail to rural homes free of charge Warren CountyWarren County: 1 st in GA 1896: ran as vice-president under William Jennings Bryant (Lost) Thttp:// georgias-capitol-st/nb7Jz/om Watson, Populist

Rebecca Latimer Felton & William Felton Roots of Populist MovementRoots of Populist MovementPopulist Led a group of independent Democrats against the Triumvirate From Cartersville William Felton William Felton: U.S. Congressman; served in GA General Assembly –Worked to improve education, prison reform, and paved the way for controls and limits on alcohol.

Rebecca Felton suffrage votesA leader promoting suffrage votes temperance-anti-alcoholPushed for temperance-anti-alcohol Popular writer for the Atlanta Journal forum (Way to communicate ideas…TV, paper, radio, speech…)Used paper as a forum (Way to communicate ideas…TV, paper, radio, speech…) Began Georgia Training School for Girls in Atlanta With Margaret Olivia Slocum Sage First female U.S. SenatorFirst female U.S. Senator in U.S. history Replaced another Senator due to death

The 1906 Atlanta Race Riot Sept. 22nd - Sept. 24, 1906 The Atlanta Race Riot was a string of violent events by whites against African Americans Some 10,000 white men and boys began gathering, beating and stabbing blacks The African-American population grew from 9,000 in 1880 to 35,000 in 1910 Articles printed in local newspapers evoked racial tension to riot level Unofficial death toll of blacks and two whites African Americans began turning to aggressive tactics to achieve equality and justice. The Atlanta Race Riot was a string of violent events by whites against African Americans Some 10,000 white men and boys began gathering, beating and stabbing blacks The African-American population grew from 9,000 in 1880 to 35,000 in 1910 Articles printed in local newspapers evoked racial tension to riot level Unofficial death toll of blacks and two whites African Americans began turning to aggressive tactics to achieve equality and justice.

Who is Alonzo Herndon? Was a Georgia native who became the wealthiest Black man in the city of Atlanta at the time of his death in 1927 His businesses include a chain of barbershops and the most successful black-owned insurance company in the nation (Atlanta Life Insurance Company) He owned 100 houses on Auburn Avenue He was an active member of the NAACP and founded the National Negro Business League Alonzo Herndon’s house

Leo Frank  Jewish man from New York who was the manager of the National Pencil Factory in Atlanta  Accused of murdering 15-year- old Mary Phagan  Evidence points to janitor Jim Conley  Frank was taken from his cell and lynched in 1915

Mary Phagan and Jim Conley

Leo Frank

Jim Crow Laws Jim Crow - term used for practices and rules that discriminate along color lines System of segregation Jim Crow was the stage name of a white minstrel who performed in Black face makeup in the late 1800s. His act caricatured blacks. The name Jim Crow stood for all the segregation laws that were instituted in the South after the Civil War

Plessy v. Ferguson The Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court Court case heard in the Supreme Court Case originated in Louisiana in 1896 Upheld segregation and deemed legal and long as facilities were “separate but equal” Ruling in this case justified racial segregation for 50 years The Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court

Booker T Washington Atlanta Address of 1895 popular spokes- person for African-American citizens supporters in many black communities, with black ministers, educators and businessmen wanted peaceful protests and change through speeches

W. E. B. Dubois Founding member of NAACP fought discrimination and racism More aggressive about racism and discrimination Criticized Booker T for being to “soft”

John and Lugenia Burns Hope worked for the improvement of black communities through traditional social work, community health campaigns, and political pressure for better education and infrastructure President of Morehouse in 1906

World War I and Georgia called “The Great War” Established Fort McPherson - home to the headquarters of the U.S. Army Forces Command (FORSCOM), which is responsible for the command and control, unit training, and operational readiness of the active army, National Guard, and reserve

WWI continued Camp Gordon - Camp Gordon, opened in July 1917, was located in Chamblee, northeast of Atlanta, and was the training site of the famous Eighty-second All-American Division. The division included men from several different states, but Georgians made up almost half its number.

Causes of WWI Nationalism Sinking of the Lusitania Zimmerman Telegram Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Imperialism Alliances