GEOGRAPHY WORLD

Compass & Cardinal direction Compass – an instrument used to show direction. The cardinal directions are North, South, East and West

Longitude The vertical lines are called lines of longitude. Lines of longitude are also called meridians. Longitude lines run North and South. Prime Meridian is middle point

Latitude The horizontal lines are called lines of latitude. Parallel is another name for latitude lines. Latitude lines run east and west around the Earth.

Hemispheres EQUATOR Latitude Runs west and east in middle of Earth PRIME MERIDIAN Longitude Runs north and south in middle of Earth

Continents – continuous land mass NORTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA AFRICA AUSTRALIA EUROPE ASIA ANTARCTICA

COUNTRIES – are part of continents SOUTH AMERICA ASIA

STATES – are part of countries SOUTH AMERICA ASIA

Capital The most important city or town of a country The capital of Illinois is Springfield The capital of the USA is Washington D.C

Counties – are part of states

Cities are part of counties

CONTINENT COUNTRY STATE COUNTY CITY

Oceans Ocean: a large body of salt water. There are 5 major oceans on Earth: 1.Pacific Ocean 2.Atlantic Ocean 3.Indian Ocean 4.Arctic Ocean 5.Southern Ocean* *the newest ocean being declared an ocean in 2000

Landforms Landforms are natural features of the landscape, natural physical features of the earth's surface. for example: mountains, water, valleys, plateaus, plains, hills or glaciers.

Mountains BIGGEST formed by plates colliding

WATER ATLANTIC PACIFIC Gulf of Mexico MISSISSIPPI RIVER

WATER MISSISSIPPI RIVER

Grand Canyon, Great Lakes, & Hawaiian Islands formed by running water formed by glaciers formed by volcanoes

MAP GRID

Map key A map key, or legend, is a small chart included on a map that gives descriptions of what symbols are used and what they stand for.

Distance Scale

Political map shows boundaries

Physical map shows landforms and water

Elevation map shows elevation of area in comparison to sea level

Population map shows areas of high and low population

Natural Resource map shows where resources of an area can be found

Climate map

REGIONS DESERT PLAINS mountains tundra rainforest

REGIONS CACTUS GRASSLANDS THICK FORESTS PALM TREES CYPRESS TREES

HOW PEOPLE MODIFY LAND IRRIGATION DUST BOWL & pesticide s CUTTING TREES LEVEES DRAINING SWAMPS MINING

U.S. LANGUAGES ALL REGIONS MAINLY ENGLISH Some Spanish Some French Some Spanish

POPULATION OF REGIONS BIG CITIES of New York, Boston, Philadelphia formed because of Atlantic coast = large populations DIVERSITY High Population of African Americans due to slavery High Population of Natives to reservations High Population of Hispanic due to Mexican-American War

ECONOMICS OF REGIONS Fishing & Shipping FARMING LUMBER tourism oil tourism coal

NATURAL DISASTERS OF REGIONS EARTHQUAKES HURRICANES & FLOODS TORNADOES volcanoes& tsunamis tsunamis

Region Overview PhysicalEconomicVegetationNatural Disasters Northeastmountains forests coastline fishing shipping tourism thick forestssome tornadoes Southeastwetlands gulf coast fishing shipping oil Cypress trees Palm trees hurricanes floods Midwestplains Great Lakes agriculturegrasslandstornadoes Southwestdeserts Grand Canyon oilcactussome tornadoes Westernmountains tundra rainforest fishing shipping tourism lumber Palm trees thick forests earthquakes tsunamis