Introduction to Geography MR. PENTZAK INDIVIDUALS & SOCIETIES

Bell Ringer #4  What is geography? Write your own definition of it.  What is a cartographer?  Why is studying geography important?  Geography is… the study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity as it affects and is affected by these, including the distribution of populations and resources, land use, and industries

Geography Pre-Test  PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THE TEST FORM!  Take out a blank sheet of paper  Head your paper properly (first & last name, date and block)  Title your paper “Geography Pre-Test”  Number it 1-25  Record all your answers on your number piece of paper  1-16 use the word bank answers  write your own response  Read a book or work on other assignments until I call time

Self Assessment  You will be grading yourself  PLEASE be honest, this is not for a grade, just to see where you are!  If you left a question blank, mark it wrong  Number correct over twenty-five (example 18/25)  If you missed ANY questions in the 1-4, 17-20, & range write “L+L” on the top of your paper  If you missed ANY questions in the range write “C” on the top of your paper  If you missed ANY questions in the 5-9 range write “O” on the top of your paper

Pre-Test Answers  1. Prime Meridian  2. Equator  3. Tropic of Cancer  4. Tropic of Capricorn  5. Artic Ocean  6. Atlantic Ocean  7. Pacific Ocean  8. Indian Ocean  9. Southern Ocean  10. Antarctica  11. Australia  12.Asia  13. Europe  14. Africa  15. South America  16. North America  17. Latitude  18. Longitude  19. Equator  20. Prime Meridian  21. Movement, Region, Location, (Human Environment) Interaction, Place  22. Coordinates  23. Latitude  24. Longitude  25.

Types of Maps  Many different kinds of maps, each one has a specific purpose  Climate Maps show weather patterns (temp., precipitation, etc.)  Physical Maps show the major geographical features (mountains, hills, rivers, lakes, etc.)  Political Maps show the boundaries of states or countries along with major cities or capitals.  Resource Maps show what natural resources or raw materials are present in the area shown

Latitude and Longitude  A series of imaginary lines cover the planet. These lines help people find places they want to go.  For example, if you want to find out where Charlotte, NC is, having the coordinates would be helpful (the world is a big place!)  Charlotte’s coordinates are approximately 35° North of the Equator, and 81° West of the Prime Meridian

Longitude and Latitude Continued  Lines of Latitude are recorded first, and measure degrees north or south of the equator. The Northern Hemisphere is everything above the Equator; the Southern Hemisphere is everything below the Equator. Sometimes these lines are called parallels.  Latitude=Flatitude (Lines are horizontal)  Lines of Longitude are recorded second, and measure degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian. The Western Hemisphere is everything west the Prime Meridian; the Eastern Hemisphere is everything east of the Prime Meridian. Sometimes these lines are called meridians.  Longitude=Long Legs (Curve down like a spider’s legs)

Five Themes of Geography   Think MR. LIP  Movement  Region  Location  Interation  Place

Movement  Movement refers to the way people, goods, information and ideas are moved. This can be local, such as how did you get to school today, or it can be global, such as how did humans get to North America?

Region  A region is an area that is defined by unifying characteristics. Those unifying or similar characteristics can be physical, natural, human, or cultural.

Location  Where are things and people located? Location refers to position on the Earth’s surface. A location can be absolute (specific) as in coordinates of a map using latitude and longitude, or a location can be relative, as in next door, nearby, or in the same general location as another location.

Interaction (Human-Environment)  Human-environment interaction looks at the relationships between the people and their environment—how people adapt to the environment and how they change it. Examples would include hunting, farming, or mining.

Place  A place is an area that is defined by everything in it. All places have features that give them personality and distinguish from other places (Physical Features and Human Features).  Physical features would include climate and animals  Human features would include languages and buildings  If you refer to your school as a place, then that place would include walls, windows, gym, cafeteria, classrooms, people, clothing, books, maps, mops, brooms, hallways, mice and everything else in the school, including languages spoken.

Signal Questions

Answers to Guided Notes

Crash Course-Geography  Geography is… the study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity as it affects and is affected by these, including the distribution of populations and resources, land use, and industries  Basically: what are the physical features of the earth (oceans, mountains, rivers, deserts, hills, etc.) and how does it affect where and how people live.

The Seven Continents

North America In the Western & Northern Hemispheres Directly north of South America Artic Ocean to the north, Atlantic ocean to the east, Pacific Ocean to the west

South America In the Western, Northern, & Southern Hemispheres Directly south of North America Atlantic Ocean to the east, Pacific ocean to the west, Southern Ocean to the south

Europe In the Western, Eastern, & Northern Hemispheres North of Africa, west of Asia Atlantic Ocean to the west, Artic Ocean to the north

Asia In the Eastern, Northern & Southern Hemispheres East of Europe, north of Australia Artic Ocean to the north Indian Ocean to the south, Pacific Ocean to the east

Africa In the Eastern, Western, Northern & Southern Hemispheres South of Europe, west of Asia Atlantic Ocean to the west, Indain Ocean to the east, Southern Ocean to the south

Australia In the Southern and Eastern Hemispheres South of Asia, east of Africa, north of Antarctica Indian Ocean to the west, Pacific Ocean to the east, Southern Ocean to the south

Antarctica In the Eastern, Western & Southern Hemispheres South of Africa, Australia, and South America Surrounded by the Southern Ocean

The Five Oceans

Stations  1- You will be in the back row of desks on your macs playing a longitude and latitude game  2. You will be at the black tables working in pairs on Quizlet making flashcards and quizzing your partner  3. You will be in the front two rows getting a crash course in geography  You will eventually work through all stations  Initial placement was based on Pre-test scores  Directions for each station are available on my website