Subphylum: Vertebrata Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Classes: Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes Amphibia Reptilia Aves Mammalia

Phylum: Chordata Subhylum: Vertebrata Characteristics: Primitive organism: amphioxus Characteristics: *Have a dorsal notochord, that becomes the spine. An endoskeleton made of cartilage or bone. Pharyngeal slits or gill pouches during development. A dorsal nerve cord. Post-anal tail Subhylum: Vertebrata Major Characteristic: have a backbone

Class: Chondrichtyes *Cartilaginous fish - from, “chondro-” (cartilage) and “ichthyes” (fish) skeleton made of cartilage. have fins and scales. breathe with gills. Examples: sharks, skates, and rays.

Class: Chondrichtyes CHARACTERISTICS: Vertebrates Ectothermic (cold-blooded) BILATERAL symmetry Coelomate Digestive System – COMPLETE Skeletal System – made of Cartilage Circulatory System – 2 chambered heart Reproduction – External fertilization, many eggs *Dioecious = two distinct genders

Heterodontiformes - horn sharks

Orectolobiformes - whale sharks Rhincodon typus

Orectolobiformes – nurse sharks Ginglymostoma cirratum

Lamniformes - mackerel, mako, white sharks Great White Mako Isurus oxyrinchus Mako Great White, Carcharodon carcharias

Carcharhiniformes - requiem sharks (blacktip) Carcharhinus limbatus blacktip shark

Carcharhiniformes - requiem sharks (whitetip) Triaenodon obesus

Carchariniformes – bull sharks Carcharhinus leucas copyright FLMNH

Carchariniformes – tiger sharks Galeocerdo cuvier © George Burgess

Carchariniformes – basking sharks Cetorhinus maximus

Superorder Squatinomorphi Squatiniformes-angel sharks bottom-oriented, enlarged pelvic fins, spike-like teeth Atlantic Angel Shark, Squatina dumeril

Squaliformes dogfish sharks Spiny dogfish-Squalus acanthus Adipose spine

Pristiophoriformes - saw sharks

Myliobatiformes - sting rays eagle & manta rays butterfly rays

Rajiformes - skates

Skate or Ray...what’s the difference? Skates (order Rajiformes) pelvic fin divided into two lobes  stocky tail w/o stinging spine  enlarged, thorn-like scales ('bucklers') along the midline of back males have rows of enlarged scales near the eyes and wingtips Rays (order Myliobatiformes): one-lobed pelvic fin  whip-like tail, usually with stinging spine  no bucklers along back or tail 

Pristiformes - sawfishes

Torpediniformes - electric rays

Class: Osteichthyes “BONY” fish - from, “osteo-” (bone) and “ichthyes” (fish) skeleton made of bone. have fins and scales. breathe with gills. Examples: bass, tuna, and catfish

bass tuna catfish porcupine fish salmon Class: Osteichthyes

Class: Osteichthyes CHARACTERISTICS: Vertebrates Ectothermic (cold-blooded) BILATERAL symmetry Coelomate Digestive System – COMPLETE Skeletal System – made of BONE Circulatory System – 2 - chambered heart Reproduction – External fertilization, many eggs *Dioecious

frogs, toads, newts, salamander Class: AMPHIBIA *Amphibians - means “double life”, part of life spent on water and part on land smooth, moist skin. live near water go through metamorphosis no claws or scales. Examples: frogs, toads, newts, salamander

bullfrog Cameroon toad poison dart frog Class: Amphibia

General Amphibians

Class: AMPHIBIA CHARACTERISTICS: Vertebrates Ectothermic (cold-blooded) BILATERAL symmetry Coelomate Digestive System – COMPLETE Skeletal System – made of BONE Circulatory System – 3-chambered heart Reproduction – External fertilization, eggs laid in water *Dioecious

turtles, snakes, alligators, lizards Class: REPTILIA *Reptiles - body covered w/scales or plates have lungs/scales & plates/claws 1st to use the amniotic egg. also use internal fertilization Examples: turtles, snakes, alligators, lizards

Burmese python lizard chameleon Class: Reptilia alligator cobra

Class: REPTILIA CHARACTERISTICS: Vertebrates Ectothermic (cold-blooded) BILATERAL symmetry Coelomate Digestive System – COMPLETE Skeletal System – made of BONE Circulatory System – 3-chambered heart Reproduction – INTERNAL fertilization, AMNIOTIC egg *Dioecious

Lizards Geckos Komodo Dragon Horned Lizard Chameleon Frilled Lizard Gila Monster

eagle, owl, cardinal, dove, quail Class: AVES *BIRDS have wings and feathers. most fly. Ex: penguin, ostrich, emu parents incubate eggs. descended from dinosaurs lightweight, hollow bones Examples: eagle, owl, cardinal, dove, quail

Class: AVES CHARACTERISTICS: Vertebrates ENDOTHERMIC (WARM-blooded) BILATERAL symmetry Coelomate Digestive System – COMPLETE Skeletal System – made of BONE Circulatory System – 4-chambered heart Reproduction – INTERNAL fertilization, AMNIOTIC egg *Dioecious

bats, whale, elephant, deer, horse, human, monkey, rabbits Class: MAMMALIA *Mammals have hair & mammary glands. give birth to live young have a diaphragm Examples: bats, whale, elephant, deer, horse, human, monkey, rabbits

Class: MAMMALIA CHARACTERISTICS: Vertebrates ENDOTHERMIC (WARM-blooded) BILATERAL symmetry Coelomate Digestive System – COMPLETE Skeletal System – made of BONE Circulatory System – 4-chambered heart Reproduction – INTERNAL fertilization, LIVE YOUNG *Dioecious