Igneous Rocks Properties and Identification

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Presentation transcript:

Igneous Rocks Properties and Identification

Mt. Baker is a volcano made of igneous rocks Igneous - formed by crystallization from molten magma. Igneous rocks Sedimentary – I like this picture Mt. Baker is a volcano made of igneous rocks

Rocks of the Vancouver Region C & T p. 20

Igneous Rocks Intrusive (Plutonic) Rocks – Formed by slow crystallization deep beneath the Earth’s surface. Large visible crystals – phaneritic Identified by mineral content. Golden Ears, Maple Ridge. Extrusive (Volcanic) Rocks - Formed by rapid crystallization on the Earth’s surface Crystals only visible under a microscope - aphanitic Identified by mineral content and structure Mt. Garibaldi, Squamish.

Igneous Rocks Mineral Content

Plutonic Rocks - Structure of Granite Polished granite section illustrating the mixture of large crystals of different minerals (q = quartz, af = albite feldspar, b = biotite mica

Plutonic Rocks Granite - quartz, orthoclase, hornblende Granite - quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase, hornblende Diorite - orthoclase (Na & Ca), hornblende Gabbro - orthoclase (Ca), hornblende, pyroxene

Bowen’s Reaction Series Correlation of Bowen’s Reaction Series with silicon content, viscosity of lava and relative resistance to chemical weathering

Volcanic Rocks - Lavas Rhyolite (high Si) Andesite Basalt (high Fe) Basalt - vesicular

Sodium Feldspar Basalt (Porphyry) Calcium Feldspar basalt (Porphyry) More Volcanic Rocks Sodium Feldspar Basalt (Porphyry) Calcium Feldspar basalt (Porphyry) Obsidian Volcanic Breccia

Volcanic Breccia - Kelowna

Successive eruptions – Coal seams in between!

Volcanic Rocks - Pyroclasts Pumice Scoria Welded Tuff Volcanic bomb - olivine core surrounded by basalt