Stirrings of Rebellion As a result of the __________ War England was in debt –The Stamp Act was the first tax passed that directly affected the colonists The Stamp Act required colonists to purchase special paper stamped for: –Legal documents –Newspaper –Pamphlets –Playing cards & Dice Colonists lost all respect for British officials in America Growing resentment led to cities ready for protest

Protest Sons of Liberty –Secret resistance group –Samuel Adams Powerful & influential political activist –Staged protests & demonstrations throughout colonies –Threats & harassment caused stamp agents to resign Colonists prevented any stamps from being sold

Tar and Feathering

Protest Stamp Act Congress –Delegates from 9 colonies met in NYC –Issued the… Declaration of Rights & Grievances –Parliament could not impose taxes on the colonists because they had no representation –October 1765 Major cities boycotted British goods until the Stamp Act was repealed –March 1766 Stamp Act repealed Declaratory Act: asserted Parliament’s right to make laws for the colonies

Townshend Acts 1767 Indirect taxes on imports –Glass, lead, paint & paper –3 penny tax on tea Samuel Adams called for another boycott –Women were asked to join Stopped buying British goods & began weaving their own cloth & tea John Hancock’s ship, the _________, was seized in suspicion of smuggling –June 1768: British station 4,000 troops in Boston in reaction to violence

Boston Massacre March 5, 1770 –Fist fight breaks out between dockhands and guards The clash leaves 5 dead including –_________________________ –Adams & others gave the clash its name & played on the idea that the men were defenseless against the guards

The Boston Massacre

Road to War

The Gaspee Incident (1772) Providence, RI coast British Royal Navy ship assigned custom duty –Ran aground chasing a merchant ship –Set on fire by colonists

Committees of Correspondence Purpose *Created by MA & VA govt. * Line of communication *warn neighboring colonies about incidents with Br. * broaden the resistance movement. * broaden the resistance movement.

Tea Act (1773) Set up by Lord North Gave British East India Company a monopoly on imported tea Permitted the Co. to sell tea directly to colonists without a middleman = (cheaper tea!)Permitted the Co. to sell tea directly to colonists without a middleman = (cheaper tea!)

Tea Act (1773) 8 Gave the British East India Co.  Hit hard by colonial boycotts  Many members of Parl. held shares.  Permitted the Co. to sell tea directly to cols. without col. middlemen (cheaper tea!)

Boston Tea Party December 16, Sons of Liberty rebels disguised as Native Americans –Dumped 90,000 lbs of tea into Boston Harbor

Boston Tea Party (1773)

1. What is martial law?

The Coercive or Intolerable Acts (1774) Lord North 1. Shut down Boston Harbor- until repayment 2. Thomas Gage appointed governor of MA 4. New Quatering Act: Kept soldiers in vacant homes & other buildings 3. Gage kept Boston under Martial Law

First Continental Congress (1774) 55 delegates from 12 colonies Agenda  How to respond to the Intolerable Acts? *1 vote per colony represented. *Drew up a declaration of colonial rights Colonies should run their own affairs Supported revolt in MA & stated they would Fight back against British force Agreed to meet again in May 1775 if Demands were not met

The British Are Coming... Paul Revere & William Dawes make their midnight ride to warn the Minutemen of approaching British soldiers.

Paul Revere Grant Wood- 1931

The Shot Heard ’Round the World! Lexington & Concord – April 19,1775

Lexington & Concord Night of April 18- British troops left Boston with two goals –1. Capture Samuel Adams & John Hancock in Lexington –2. Take colonial arms & ammunition stored in Concord

Lexington & Concord British found local militia in Lexington In the confusion a shot was fired –the British opened fire on the militia –8 minutemen killed & others wounded British marched on to Concord –Destroyed arsenal before Americans forced them to retreat to Boston –Followed British killing 73 and wounding others

Lexington & Concord British continued their march to Boston & found no arms Their return to Concord became a slaughter

Lexington & Concord Between 3 & 4 thousand minutemen were waiting for them –Fired from behind stone walls & trees By the time reinforcements arrived- the British were bloody & humiliated The colonists were now enemies of Britain

The Second Continental Congress May Philadelphia Delegates fall into 2 categories: –Radicals & Moderates Congress acted as an independent government –George Washington appointed commander of army –Authorized printing of colonial $$

Battle of Bunker Hill June 1775 –First formal battle of Revolution –British General William Howe As redcoats marched uphill the militia held their fire until last minute –Militia destroyed the British but British advanced 2 more times –Third round was success –Colonists lost 311 men while the British lost over 1,000 men British victory because the militia was forced to retreat

Olive Branch Petition Most colonists felt loyal to the king –Resented his ministers July 8, 1775 –Congress sent King the ________________ urging for “the former harmony” –King George rejects the petition and called for a naval blockade of the coast Olive Branch Petition

Thomas Paine: Common Sense

Common Sense January 1776 Published anonymously –Thomas Paine –47 pages Attacked King George & the monarchy –Time for colonists to proclaim an independent republic –Independence: America’s Destiny A better society free from tyranny

Declaration of Independence (1776)

Declaration of Independence 2nd Continental Congress- urged each colony to form its own government Thomas Jefferson was chosen to express the committees points –Jefferson drew on the ideas of John Locke –People obey a government in return for natural rights July delegates voted unanimously that American colonies were free –Read formally to the public on July 4th

Declaration of Independence

Independence Hall

New National Symbols