Section 3 The Punic Wars.

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Presentation transcript:

Section 3 The Punic Wars

264 B. C. – Romans had conquered some Greek city-states… This brought them closer to Phoenician city of Carthage

Carthage Rome Ptolomies

Carthage controlled most of North and West Africa

Carthage also controlled Spain

Carthage also controlled some Greek Islands and Sicily

Romans felt threatened and wanted Sicily’s granaries

The First Punic War

First Punic War 264 B.C. – 241 B.C. Carthage had strong navy Rome had no navy (at first) Rome had a strong army

Romans had to build a fleet! ?

Building a Roman Navy Romans modeled their ships after Carthaginian ships Made improvements Corvus

Corvus movable bridge on the front of the ship Soldiers could board enemy ships Changed a sea battle into a land battle

Results of First Punic War Both Rome and Carthage suffered great loses (men, ships, financial) Rome was declared winner 241 B.C. – peace terms were decided

Mediterranean was divided by an imaginary line Everything north of the line was signed over to Rome (including Sicily)

This was also the beginning of Rome’s Navy!

Mediterranean World Before Second Punic War

Second Punic War

Second Punic War 218 B.C. –202 B.C. Carthage under Hannibal’s command began expanding empire to Hispania (Spain) Rome wanted Hannibal handed over to them; senate refused Rome declared war on Carthage

Hannibal Barca Father was Hamilcar Barca It is believed that Hannibal’s father made him swear to never befriend the Romans Hannibal was elected in 221 B.C. Thought to be one of the greatest military leaders in history

Hannibal’s Invasion Moved through Spain and over Swiss alps into Italy with 40,000 men, supplies and 37 “war elephants” Suffered heavy losses Arrived with 26,000 men and 3 elephants Surprised Roman army by land in the north

Hannibal’s Routes

Hannibal’s Success / Failure Won victory after victory Marched to gates of Rome but could not proceed Could not get supplies because Rome controlled sea

Destruction by Hannibal Hannibal and troops roamed Roman countryside for 15 years Raided & burned towns Destroyed crops

Cannae

Cannae – 216 B.C. Rome – 100,000 soldiers Hannibal – 70,000 soldiers Hannibal defeated Romans Only 16,000 Roman soldiers survived

Romans attacked Carthage Hannibal was called home to protect Carthage He was defeated at town of Zama

http://www.geocities.com/i_s_s_alpha/Battle_Animations.htm

Results of Second Punic War 201 B.C. Carthage agreed to pay Rome a large sum of money Agreed to give up territories, including Spain (and Spain’s resources)

Third Punic War

Third Punic War There was a peace for about 50 years 149 B.C. – 146 B.C. Carthage showed signs of regaining power Romans attacked Carthage

Roman Invasion Burned Carthage Plowed salt into fields Killed Carthaginians or sold them into slavery

Other Roman Invasions Attacked Corinth Already controlled Macedonia and Syria Greece now under Roman control

Rome was now leading power of Mediterranean World!