Chapter 9 Respiration

Respiration The transfer of stored energy in food molecules to a form usable by the organism Involves the exchange of gases between the organism and the environment

Process Through the process of respiration, the organism produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which will be used for energy

1. Cellular Respiration Involves a series of enzyme-controlled reactions in which energy in food is broken down into energy that the organism can use (ATP)

a) When ATP is broken down, energy is released and ADP is formed ADP = adenosine diphosphate H 2 O + ATP  ADP + P + energy This is the energy used by the body to carry out the functions of life

Types of Respiration 1. Aerobic Respiration -involves the use of oxygen 2. Anaerobic Respiration -oxygen is not used

Anaerobic Respiration Also known as Fermentation Does not require oxygen Takes place in the cytoplasm of cell Glucose is either broken down into lactic acid or alcohol and CO 2 As a result of anaerobic respiration, there is a net gain of 2 ATP’s

Equations for Anaerobic Respiration glucose  2 lactic acids + 2 ATP’s glucose  2 alcohol + 2 CO ATP’s In each equation, enzymes are used and a net gain of 2 ATP’s are produced

Aerobic Respiration Requires oxygen Takes place in the mitochondria When we say that glucose is oxidized, we say that it is broken down with the help of oxygen molecules

Equation for Aerobic Respiration glucose + O 2  H 2 O + CO ATP’s Again, enzymes are used and a net of 36 ATP’s are produced

Equation for Aerobic Respiration glucose + O 2  H 2 O + CO ATP’s Again, enzymes are used and a net of 36 ATP’s are produced

Summary Anaerobic Respiration = 2 ATP’s Aerobic Respiration = 36 ATP’s Therefore, Aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic respiration

Adaptations for Respiration

Monera, Protista, and Fungi Gas exchange occurs by diffusion through a thin, moist cell membrane

Plants Leaves- have stomates for gas exchange Stems- have lenticels for gas exchange Roots- gas exchange occurs across a moist membrane of root hairs (diffusion)

Hydra Each cell of the hydra is in contact with the watery environment and gas exchange occurs by diffusion