2014 BACTERIA Výukový materiál MB Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/ Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR

 a part of food chain  symbiotic bacteria  pathogenic bacteria IMPORTANCE OF BACTERIA

 saprophytic bacteria > decomposers  they mineralize organic substances into inorganic  decomposition of proteins > ammonia > nitrites and nitrates = a source of nitrogenous nutrition !  food pyramid A PART OF FOOD CHAIN

 nodule bacteria live in symbiosis with French bean plants  on roots in small club roots  they receive air oxygen > transfer into nitrites  nitrates are a source of nitrogen for the plant  plant gives organic substances to bacteria as a source of nutrition SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA

 E. coli  they live in the large intestine  they convert rests of not digested food into faeces  Doderlein lactobacillus:  in the vagina  they create acids > keep pH between 4,0 – 4,5 > they inhibit the growth of the yeast  intestines of ruminants, termites  they decompose cellulose SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA

 a lot of bacteria on our body:  some of them do not harm, if the immunity is not weakened  streptococcus pneumoniae:  in the throat of most healthy people  weakening of immunity > reproduction > pneumonia  E. coli:  reproduction > diarrhoea  important microbiologists:  Louis Pasteur  Robert Koch PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

 mycobacterium tuberculosis:  multiple reproduction  they penetrate into tissues > they cause suppuration  most often in lungs, bones, kidneys  tuberculosis PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

 clostridium botulinum:  creation of poisonous substances = toxins  in anaerobic environment of pets or in cans  fatal poisoning = botulism  clostridium tetani:  it lives in the soil  toxin causes muscular cramps  cramps of neck and chewing muscular system > choking  tetanus PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

 vibrio cholerae:  toxin causes heavy diarrhoea  Transfer by contaminated water  Salmonella typhi:  abdominal typhoid  Salmonella:  salmonella PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

 transfer of infection:  direct contact  indirectly by the contact with objects  infection by air ways:  droplets - they develop by speaking, sneezing, cough  > they dry > infection dust  angina, scarlet fever, pneumonia, TBC, diphtheria, pertusis (whooping cough) PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

 transfer through contaminated water and food:  salmonella, abdominal typhoid, cholera  dysentery – Shigella dysenteriae  the most dangerous bacterial disease:  anthrax – Bacillus anthracis  3 forms:  skin, intestinal and pulmonary forms PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

 sexually transmitted diseases:  Treponema pallidum  syphilis  I. so called firm ulcer on sexual organs  II. skin rash appears  III. afflicted: vessels, nerves, liver, bones, degeneration of brain PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

 diplococcus Neisseria gonorrhoea  gonorrhoea  inflammation of mucous membrane on sexual organs PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

 1) production of antibiotics  soil bacteria Streptomyces :  streptomycin, aureomycin, tetracycline  2) other bacteria produce vitamins and amino acids  3) lactic and acetic bacteria in the industry  4) bacteria for cleaning of sewerage water  5) genetic engineering THE IMPORTANCE OF BACTERIA

 KUBIŠTA, Václav. Obecná biologie. Praha: Fortuna, 2000, ISBN  CHALUPOVÁ - KARLOVÁ, Vlastimila. Obecná biologie. Olomouc: Nakladatelství Olomouc, 2010, ISBN  ZÁVODSKÁ, Radka. Biologie buněk. Praha: Scientia, 2006, ISBN  ROSYPAL, Stanislav. Nový přehled biologie. 1. vyd. Praha: Scientia, 2003, 797 s. ISBN SOURCES