Injury Pathology

Injury Causes Compression: Impact Tension: Stretching Contusion, Fractures Tension: Stretching Strains, Sprains, Tears Shearing: Friction Blisters, scrapes

Other Injury Causes Bending: Bending Torsion: Twisting Fractures Fractures, Sprains, Strains

Injury Classification Acute: Sudden onset Result from a specific mechanism Examples: Broken bone, bruise, cut, etc Chronic: Develop overtime Specific onset often unknown Caused by repeated trauma Overuse injuries Examples: Shin splints, tendonitis, etc

Acute Injuries: Skin Contusion: bruise resulting from a direct blow Abrasions: caused by friction or scraping Punctures: narrow stab wound Cuts: Laceration: irregular tear Incision: clean cut with sharp object Avulsion: complete tissue tears

Acute Injuries: Soft Tissue Sprains: ligament injury caused by high tensile force Strains: tendon or muscle injury caused by high tensile force Muscle Cramps: painful involuntary muscle contractions

Sprain – Grading Scale

Strain – Grading Scale First degree (mild): Second degree (moderate): Partial tearing, stretching of muscle/tendon with minimal pain, full strength, no deformity Second degree (moderate): Partial tearing of tissue, detectable weakness, moderate pain, strength weaknesses

Muscle Strain – 3rd Degree Severe Injury: Complete rupture of tissue, loss of ROM, severe pain, detectable deformity, little to no strength

Acute Injuries: Other Cartilage Tear: Shear/twisting force, can also be from compression Meniscus, labrum Dislocation/Subluxation: (Shoulder, Patella) Disloc: complete separation Sublux: partial Fractures: Closed: Avulsion, Epiphyseal, Stress Open

Fractures

Open or Compound Fractures

Avulsion Fractures

Epiphyseal Fracture

Stress Fracture

Chronic Injuries Muscle Strain Tendonitis Stress Fracture Bursitis

Unit Summary What is the difference between a subluxation and a dislocation? Describe the difference between a grade 1 and grade 3 sprain. Describe the difference between a grade 2 and grade 3 strain. Describe 3 types of fractures. What is a stress fracture? What is an avulsion fracture? Name 3 types of mechanical forces that cause injuries. What are the 2 main types of injuries?