Chapter 5 Lesson 3 Egypt’s Empire p. 120-124 EQ: Why do civilizations rise and fall? Civilizations – a grouping of people that have developed effective ways of organizing a society and care about its culture “rise and fall” – how it comes to be big and powerful and then how it becomes weak and taken over by another group

Egypt’s Empire p. 120 Make a timeline on the paper provided, while we are taking notes today. Remember – BC goes to 1 AD 3100BC 1425 BC

Egypt’s Empire p. 120 C. 3100 BC Narmer/Menes unites Egypt for the first time and is its first ruler The Old Kingdom begins around 2600 BC Trade increases causing a a stable economy (getting goods and services the people need in exchange for goods and services from people in other civilizations) Khufu is pharaoh during the 4th dynasty c. 2613 to 2494 BC. The Great Pyramid is built in honor of the pharaoh Khufu The ruling pharaohs in Memphis of the Old Kingdom began to lose power around 2200 BC. After the Old Kingdom fell apart, Egypt entered a time of chaos for over 200 years. The Middle Kingdom lasted from c.2055 BC to c. 1650 BC. A new dynasty of pharaohs ruled during the Middle Kingdom, and the capital was moved to Thebes.

A Golden Age: The Middle Kingdom p. 120 Along with the order of the Middle Kingdom, came the conquering of new territories. The military took over Nubia in the south as well as present-day Syria. Pharaohs required tribute, forced payments, in order to increase farming and build a canal to increase trade.

Art and Architecture Architecture – the design and structure of buildings With the riches from trading, money was spent on the arts. Tombs and temples were decorated with paintings of stories about the deities and everyday life. The Valley of the Kings was created in the Middle Kingdom. Pharaohs had their tombs cut into limestone cliffs of the Nile River instead of building pyramids.

The Valley of the Kings was created in the Middle Kingdom. The Pyramids of Giza and the Nile Delta were the tombs of choice for pharaohs of Egypt's Old Kingdom. But New Kingdom pharaohs, who wanted to be closer to the source of their dynastic roots in the south, built their crypts in the hills of this barren tract west of Luxor, now called the Valley of the Kings.

Sculptors Carved hunting, fishing, and battle scenes on large stone walls

Statues of Pharaohs Statues of the Pharaohs, showing them as humans rather than gods

Nothing good ever lasts Nothing good ever lasts. During the 1600s BC, nobles – people of hereditary of the pharaoh or people of the upper class began to challenge the authority of the pharaohs. Civil War weakened Egypt and outsiders from Asia, the Hyksos, took over and ruled for more than a century. The Hyksos had advanced and sturdy weapons of bronze and iron, chariots, and horses. Hyksos p. 121

Ahmose Ahmose, an Egyptian prince, formed an army and drove the Hyksos out of Egypt in 1550 B.C.

Building an Empire Ahmose founded a new dynasty. Started the New Kingdom Lasted from 1550 B.C. to 1070 B.C. No longer isolated Benefited from spread of goods, ideas, and cultures

Homework: Read pp. 120-124 in the textbook In your notebook, complete the 2 Progress Check Questions

Chapter 5 Lesson 3 Egypt’s Empire p. 120- EQ: Why do civilizations rise and fall? Civilizations – a grouping of people that have developed effective ways of organizing a society and care about its culture “rise and fall” – how it comes to be big and powerful and then how it becomes weak and taken over by another group

Progress Check How were the Egyptians able to defeat the Hyksos? Why did the Egyptians want to trade with the Phoenicians? What does architecture mean? What are some examples of architecture from ancient Egypt? From present day?

Vocabulary use the sentence to help define each word. Prosper – _____________________________ Sentence: Most of Mrs. Young’s plants will prosper if given the right dose of fertilizer, water, and sun. Conquest – ___________________________ Sentence: The archaeologist says an invading army could have set fires to the monuments as a way to show their conquest.

New Kingdom Egyptians learned how to use chariots and the Hyksos’ weapons. c.1550 BC Ahmose forced the Hyksos out of Egypt and started the New Kingdom. From 1550 BC to 1070 BC, Egypt once again prospered from trade and conquest.

The First Woman Pharaoh p. 122 Hatshepsut Queen Hatshepsut was the 1st wife of Thutmose II. When he died, she declared herself pharaoh. In order to gain acceptance she dressed as a man, even wearing a fake beard. Hatshepsut was responsible for building magnificent temples and increasing trade. During her reign, Egypt traded with Arabia and other parts of Africa.

Growth of Trade p. 123 Hatshepsut was more interested in promoting trade that starting wars

Items Traded Egyptian traders exchanged beads, metal tools, and weapons for gold, ivory, ebony wood, and incense

Phoenicians p. 123 Egyptians valued WOOD products Traded with Phoenicians who were known as great sailors throughout the Mediterranean Sea Encouraged the spread of goods and ideas – called cultural diffusion

The Phoenicians lived along the coast of Sea, present- day Lebanon Mediterranean Sea, present- day Lebanon

Phoenicians With the increase demand for wood, trade with the Phoenicians started. Egyptians traded wheat, paper, silver, ivory, slaves, class, gold, copper, tin and tools to the Phoenicians for purple dye for clothing), cedar wood, and furniture

Tyrian Purple Tyrian Purple was first produced by the Ancient Phoenicians in the city of Tyre. Currently Tyre is the fourth largest city in Lebenon, and a popular tourist destination. Tyrian Purple is produced by a fresh mucous secretion of a small sea snale called murex. The exact species is spiny dye-murex. Tyrian Purple was, and still is, very expensive. In Ancient Rome, to buy Tyrian Purple cost its weight in silver. Approximately 60,000 murex animals were required to make one pound of Tyrian Purple. The Ancient Roman naturalist Pliny describes the steps in process of manufacturing Tyrian Purple: Murex were caught in baskets lowered into the sea at the end of long ropes. Frogs or mussels were used as bait. The murex were pulled from their shells, and the vein containing the pigment was extracted. The pigment was mixed with salt and repeatedly heated in vats to separate water from the pigment. The whole process took about ten days. Due to the large number of decaying murex bodies, the process generated considerable stench. Actually looks more like maroon than purple. Some languages translate its color as scarlet. Today, murex can still be found off the coast of Tyre, but it is rare. In the 1800s, processes chemists invented synthetic purple dyes that were much cheaper than murex, so Tyrian Purple is no longer available.

Phoenicians Create “Phonics” They developed the world’s 1st alphabet. This made writing much easier and had a major impact on the ancient world and our own. “Hooked on phonics” The English language is based upon the Greek alphabet, which was introduced to them through trade with the Phoenicians

More Politics and Trade in the New Kingdom Developed ties and alliances with Babylonian Empire in Mesopotamia Mittani in Syria Hittite Empire in Anatolia

Expanding the Empire - Thutmose III Envoys, government representatives, worked together. C. 1476 Thutmose III, Hatshepsut’s nephew, took over after her death. Thutmose III reigned until c. 1425 BC He expanded the empire and acquired valuable resources from lands he conquered. In addition, he enslaved many prisoners of war. Thutmose was a strong leader and general Expanded Egypt north to the Euphrates River Conquered Nubia Empire was wealthy

Egypt’s Empire Share your timelines with your shoulder partner Remember – BC goes to 1 AD 3100BC 1425 BC

Vocab review Civilizations are… Rise and fall means… Architecture is… Prosper means to … Conquest means to …

EQ: Why do civilizations rise and fall? Civilizations – a grouping of people that have developed effective ways of organizing a society and care about its culture “rise and fall” – how it comes to be big and powerful and then how it becomes weak and taken over by another group In your notebook, Part 1 Directions: Find many facts to explain each. Why did the Old Kingdom rise? Why did the Old Kingdom fall? Why did the Middle Kingdom rise? Why did the Middle Kingdom fall? Why did the New Kingdom rise? Part 2 Directions: Complete the Critical Thinking Question on p. 123 Complete the Geography Connection questions on p. 124 1. 2. 3.