© Ciena Corporation The Path to 100 G Ethernet Martin Nuss VP & Chief Technologist

© Ciena Corporation 2 A need for speed: 10GbE, 40Gb, 100GbE Confidence: We will fill up the bandwidth just like we fill-up disk space and memory

© Ciena Corporation 3 40G Transmission – Current Drivers 40G IP Router interfaces Link bandwidth requires N X 10G Problems with link aggregation Most flows small, distribute nicely Large flows from MPLS/IPSEC problematic Ch DWDM ring exhaust Multi-access DWDM rings in metro Typically 5 nodes, some larger At exhaust build entire new ring New fiber, amps, ROADMs, installation, space, power,… Or add a pair of 40G transponders Both of these applications support 40G transponder costs > 4X 10G transponder cost Aggregation Group Member Utilization

© Ciena Corporation 4 Mix-n-Match of 10G/40G/100G on Same Fiber System 10G 40G 100G (future)... Channel 40/80 Channel 1 Mix & Match 10G, 40G and 100G waves on a fiber as needed using similar engineering rules Low revenue per bit for data will not justify new network overbuilds

© Ciena Corporation 5 Increased Spectral Efficiency, More Capacity Spectral efficiency: more bits, same fiber system, no forklift upgrade Higher spectral efficiency at 100G theoretically possible Spectral Efficiency G10G40G100G Bit Rate b/s/Hz

© Ciena Corporation 6 Transport technology readiness Possible technology choices for 100G transmission Parallel options suitable for 100G on dedicated fiber, limited distances 4 X 25G and 10X10G have been proposed 4x 25G VCSEL WDM likely candidate for client-side optics (achievable with CMOS) Negative service provider reaction to parallel networking solutions in MAN/WAN Non-scalability of capacity: multiple waves to manage, ROADM port exhaust Serial options – new technology to improve propagation, spectral efficiency Trading speed for complexity – starting at 112 Gb/sec Polarization multiplexing – divide by 2 Each polarization carries a 56 Gb/s signal Phase coding – e.g.: Four phase states Four phases encode two info bits Symbol rate cut in half to 28 Gbaud/sec

© Ciena Corporation 7 OTN WAN mapping topics 100G OTN (OTU4/ODU4/OPU4) must support mapping of 100GbE 100GbE line rate of Gbps (results in OTU4 rate of ~112Gbps w/ FEC) Full transparency required (don’t repeat the mistakes made at 10GbE) 100G OTN must support muxing of ODU1/2/3 to new ODU4 layer OTU4 line rate above 112Gbps is probably not realizable economically with current technology (means ODU4 support 3xODU3 or 4xODU3 is probably not realizable) Ciena has proposed to ITU a ~112Gbps OTU4 line rate that supports transparent mappings of 100GbE and muxing of ODU1/2e/3e (allowing transparent mappings of 10GbE and 40GbE) and is moving forward with development of this rate

© Ciena Corporation 8 Economic readiness Customers would like 40G transponders at 2.5X 10G transponder cost 100G transponders at similar proportional savings Business case will initially be made based on: Economic benefit at the overall network solution level Including CAPEX and OPEX for IP, DWDM and fiber A reasonable 100G initial economic target: 100G = 2.5 X cost of 40G Parity in cost/bit, with improved spectral efficiency Definition of “acceptable” cost ratio with respect to 10G will vary with customer

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