7 th Grade Review

Place the magnets in the correct place. AtomMolecule

What can you tell about the difference between atoms and molecules?

All matter is made of atoms.

Molecules are combined atoms.

All matter can be classified as an element or a compound. …lets give it a try!

Place the magnets in the correct place. ElementCompound

Now it gets tricky. Let’s put all 4 words together.

Made of atoms Molecules ElementsCompounds

Compound = A group of two or more different types of atoms bonded together. Atom = A basic unit of matter (nucleus and surrounding electrons). Molecule = A group of two or more atoms bonded together. (Note: can be same OR different types!) Element = One or more atoms of the same type. Definitions:

Cells 1.Plant Cell Structure & Function 2.Levels of Organization 3.Photosynthesis 4.Cellular Respiration

Cell PartFunction/Job Cell WallProvides support or structure for the cell. Large Central Vacuole (LCV) Holds (mostly) water for the cell. ChloroplastSite of PHOTOSYNTHESIS (When plants use light energy to make their own food!) Plant Cells Have these but animal cells do not

Definition: a living thing that carries out life processes ORGANISM ORGAN SYSTEMS ORGAN TISSUES Definition: similar tissues working together with a common purpose Definition: similar cells working together with a common purpose Definition: smallest unit of life Definition: a group of organs working together to perform body functions CELLS

Photosynthesis & Respiration photosynthesis 1.Write the chemical reaction for photosynthesis showing what goes in AND what comes out.

respiration Write the chemical reaction for respiration showing what goes in AND what comes out.

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?

Overview PhotosynthesisRespiration Reactants (all) Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Water (H 2 O) Sunlight Glucose (sugar) Oxygen (O 2 ) Products (all) Glucose (sugar) Oxygen (O 2 ) Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Water (H 2 O) ATP Energy **Major Product** Glucose (sugar)ATP Energy Type of organism Plants onlyBoth (plants and animals) Where in the cell ChloroplastsMitochondria

Punnett Squares Used to predict the possible phenotypes and genotypes of offspring. Remember, each organism carries two sets of genes (one from each parent). When they reproduce, they pass down one of these two alleles to their offspring.

Punnett Squares  First, place the genes of one parent on the top.  We use letters (any letter will do).  Capital letters represent dominant alleles, and lower case letters are recessive. A a

Punnett Squares Next, place the genes of the other parent on the side. Again, capital letters represent dominant alleles, and lower case letters are recessive. A a A a

Punnett Squares Now, we distribute those same letters to the boxes below or next to them. A a AaAa We always write the dominant allele first! A AaAa AaAa a

Punnett Squares A a AaAa A AaAa AaAa a  Punnett squares tell us the POSSIBLE genotypes and phenotypes of offspring  They also tell us the CHANCE of that genotype or phenotype occurring

Punnett Squares A a AaAa A AaAa AaAa a AA = dominant trait Aa = dominant trait aa = recessive trait Genotype Chance AA = 1 in 4 chance (25%) Aa = 2 in 4 chance (50%) aa = 1 in 4 chance (25%) Genotype Phenotype Question: How many of the 4 offspring here will show the dominant trait?

Let’s practice!

Adaptations & Evolution

Adaptation: Any trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment

Adaptations How many can you find?

Adaptations Speaking of Eyes…and Teeth

Evolution: The process of gradual change over time OR The process in which inherited characteristics within a population change over generations, sometimes resulting in new species

Pakicetus: 50 mya Evolution

Kutchicetus: 46 mya Evolution

Ambulocetus: 49 mya Evolution

Dorudon: 40 mya Evolution

Whale: present Evolution

Videos Whale Evolution, 1m: Flounder, 2m: Octopus (camouflage), 4m: Octopus (mimic), 2m:

Interactions of Living Things

Predator an organism that hunts, kills and eats all or part of another organism.

Prey an organism that is killed and eaten by another organism.

Producers organisms that use energy from the sun to make their own food.

Consumers organisms that cannot make their own food, and need to eat other organisms to get their energy.

There are four different kinds of consumers: 1.Herbivores 2.Carnivores 3.Omnivores 4.Decomposers

1. Herbivore an organism that eats only plants.

2. Carnivore an organism that eats only animals.

3. Omnivore an organism that eats both plants and animals.

4. Decomposers an organism that gets its energy by breaking down dead organisms into simple materials.

As an organism eats it gets its energy from its food. If that organism is eaten than its energy is passed on.  A FOOD CHAIN is the path that energy takes from one organism to another.

In most ecosystems, organisms eat more than one thing.  A FOOD WEB is a system of many connected food chains in an ecosystem.

Energy travels in one direction within an ecosystem. As an organism is eaten only a small portion of its energy (~10%) is passed on to the next consumer in the food chain. As an organism is eaten only a small portion of its energy (~10%) is passed on to the next consumer in the food chain. More organisms need to be at the base of a food chain than at the top. More organisms need to be at the base of a food chain than at the top. Energy Transfer