The Civil War A Country Divided

Life in the North Based on industry Based on industry Factories and shipping Factories and shipping Few family farms (small, not for cash) Few family farms (small, not for cash) No need for slaves No need for slaves On the issue of slavery On the issue of slavery Slavery was illegal in the North by the 1800s Slavery was illegal in the North by the 1800s Many abolitionists in the North Many abolitionists in the North Gave speeches, wrote newspapers and books Gave speeches, wrote newspapers and books Overall, tolerated slavery in the South, but did not want newly added states to allow slavery Overall, tolerated slavery in the South, but did not want newly added states to allow slavery Discriminated against African Americans Discriminated against African Americans Not allowed to vote Not allowed to vote sent to unequal schools sent to unequal schools not allowed to own property not allowed to own property

Life in the South Many southern plantations Many southern plantations A few wealthy plantation owners owned most of the slaves in the South A few wealthy plantation owners owned most of the slaves in the South Few average families owned 1 or 2 slaves Few average families owned 1 or 2 slaves Yet southerners supported the idea of slavery Yet southerners supported the idea of slavery Cotton gin Cotton gin Invented by Eli Whitney Invented by Eli Whitney Invention that took seeds out of cotton Invention that took seeds out of cotton Now cotton could be cleaned much faster Now cotton could be cleaned much faster Cotton became a popular fabric Cotton became a popular fabric Higher demand for cotton meant higher demand for slaves Higher demand for cotton meant higher demand for slaves cotton gin animation cotton gin animation cotton gin animation cotton gin animation

Abolitionists Abolitionists Abolitionists Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad The Moses of her people The Moses of her people Frederick Douglass Frederick Douglass One of the greatest speakers One of the greatest speakers Sojourner Truth Sojourner Truth Former slave, abolitionist, preacher, and women’s advocate Former slave, abolitionist, preacher, and women’s advocate

Causes of the Civil War As territories become states, Congress fights over the slavery issue As territories become states, Congress fights over the slavery issue Missouri Compromise Missouri Compromise Maine is made a free state, Missouri made a slave state Maine is made a free state, Missouri made a slave state Number of free and slave states remains equal Number of free and slave states remains equal

Causes of the Civil War, con’t. Compromise of 1850 Compromise of 1850 California is admitted as a free state California is admitted as a free state In exchange, the southern states demand that the Fugitive Slave Act is enforced In exchange, the southern states demand that the Fugitive Slave Act is enforced Runaway slaves must be returned to South Runaway slaves must be returned to South

Causes of the Civil War, con’t. Kansas-Nebraska Act Kansas-Nebraska Act Newly added states would get to decide for themselves if they would become a free or slave state (not Congress) Newly added states would get to decide for themselves if they would become a free or slave state (not Congress) Called popular soveignty Called popular soveignty

Abraham Lincoln Elected South feared Lincoln would try to end slavery in the U.S. South feared Lincoln would try to end slavery in the U.S. Even though he had promised not to Even though he had promised not to Lincoln did say he did not want any new states to allow slavery Lincoln did say he did not want any new states to allow slavery

The Reaction to Lincoln South Carolina secedes from the Union South Carolina secedes from the Union 10 other states follow 10 other states follow Form the Confederate States of America Form the Confederate States of America A.K.A. Confederacy A.K.A. Confederacy North called them the South, Rebels North called them the South, Rebels

The Confederacy The Confederates are seen by the Union (U.S.) as rebels, traitors The Confederates are seen by the Union (U.S.) as rebels, traitors Just as the Americans were seen by the British when they declared independence Just as the Americans were seen by the British when they declared independence Acted as an independent country Acted as an independent country Own currency (money) Own currency (money) Flag Flag Jefferson Davis as president Jefferson Davis as president constitution constitution

The Civil War Begins Fort Sumter is held by U.S. troops, but is in Confederate territory Fort Sumter is held by U.S. troops, but is in Confederate territory Shots are fired, the war begins Shots are fired, the war begins U.S. troops are forced to surrender the fort U.S. troops are forced to surrender the fort President Lincoln fights with one purpose in mind President Lincoln fights with one purpose in mind To reunite the country To reunite the country

Border States Slave states that remained with the Union Slave states that remained with the Union Delaware Delaware Maryland Maryland West Virginia West Virginia Kentucky Kentucky Missouri Missouri

Generals Union – General Ulysses S. Grant Union – General Ulysses S. Grant Proved himself worthy during the war Proved himself worthy during the war Promoted to General-in-Chief in 1864 Promoted to General-in-Chief in 1864 Confederacy – Robert E. Lee Confederacy – Robert E. Lee From Virginia (a southern state) From Virginia (a southern state) Was a loyal American Was a loyal American Chose to fight alongside Confederates because he did not want to fight against his family and friends in Virginia Chose to fight alongside Confederates because he did not want to fight against his family and friends in Virginia

Advantages for the Union Factories to make weapons Factories to make weapons More railroads More railroads More people (to become soldiers) More people (to become soldiers) More money from taxes More money from taxes

Advantages for the South Many good generals Many good generals Many brave soldiers Many brave soldiers Dedicated to freedom Dedicated to freedom

Emancipation Proclamation Issued by Lincoln about halfway through the war Issued by Lincoln about halfway through the war Stated that all southern slaves were free Stated that all southern slaves were free African Americans were now accepted into the Union military African Americans were now accepted into the Union military Changed the reason for fighting the war Changed the reason for fighting the war From reuniting the Union to ending slavery From reuniting the Union to ending slavery This made European countries allies of the Union This made European countries allies of the Union

Battle of Gettysburg Located at border of Pennsylvania and Maryland Located at border of Pennsylvania and Maryland 3 day battle in day battle in 1863 North and South accidentally collided North and South accidentally collided North wins – turning point of the war North wins – turning point of the war 3 rd day: Pickett’s Charge 3 rd day: Pickett’s Charge South charged Union lines, but each row of men was shot down South charged Union lines, but each row of men was shot down 10,000 dead in 50 minutes 10,000 dead in 50 minutes Town of Gettysburg had population of 2,400 – after battle there were 51,000 casualties Town of Gettysburg had population of 2,400 – after battle there were 51,000 casualties 172,000 men fought 172,000 men fought 634 cannons over 25 sq. miles 634 cannons over 25 sq. miles 569 tons of ammo used 569 tons of ammo used 5,000 dead horses 5,000 dead horses

Gettysburg Address Lincoln comes to Gettysburg Lincoln comes to Gettysburg Dedicates the battlefield to those who died in battle Dedicates the battlefield to those who died in battle Encourages country to keep fighting the war Encourages country to keep fighting the war

The Civil War Ends South surrenders in 1865 at Appomattox Courthouse South surrenders in 1865 at Appomattox Courthouse President Lincoln is shot 5 days later President Lincoln is shot 5 days later By John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater By John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater 13 th, 14 th, and 15 th Amendments are soon added to the Constitution 13 th, 14 th, and 15 th Amendments are soon added to the Constitution 13th ends slavery 13th ends slavery 14 th gives citizenship to all born in the US 14 th gives citizenship to all born in the US 15 th gives right to vote to all adult men 15 th gives right to vote to all adult men Jim Crow laws and Black Codes keep inequality of blacks in the South Jim Crow laws and Black Codes keep inequality of blacks in the South policy of segregation and separation policy of segregation and separation

Review What caused the Civil War? What caused the Civil War? How did the Civil War end? How did the Civil War end? How would the U.S. be different if the South had won the war? How would the U.S. be different if the South had won the war?