Phosphorus Volatility Chevron Oronite Perspective February 2007

Phosphorus Volatility Desired outcome: Identify an effective bench test method to measure P-Vol We believe that PEI165 represents best available option –We have worked with Savant to evaluate PEI165 more fully –PEI 165 correlates with both field and IIIG data –PEI165 also ranks ZDP in line with chemical composition relating to volatility –Discrimination power greater than IIIG ROBO should continue evaluation as alternative

PEI165: Thermal Stability PEI165 correctly ranked primary vs. secondary ZDP (thermal stability and volatility) Courtesy: Savant

PEI165: ZDP Volatility Created model ZDP compounds to generate controlled volatility PEI165 correctly ranked against ZDP volatility Less volatile repeats

PEI165: Field test correlation Ranked corrected against Ford field test reference oils Courtesy: Savant

PEI 165 vs. IIIG Ford field test TMC 435 TMC 434 Hypothetical point Using the trend line above: IIIG 84.4% = 50.1 mg/L PEI165 IIIG 82% = 58.6 mg/L PEI165

PEI165: repeatability

PEI165 Summary Provides correct correlation with ZDP type, ZDP molecular weight, Ford field test and IIIG Provides better separation than IIIG (~10% in IIIG vs. ~50 mg in PEI165) Provides better test repeatability Preserves IIIG parts Cost effective versus IIIG Assuming no change in P chemical limit, Oronite supports PEI165 with appropriate P/F limit

ROBO for P Retention ROBO P retention correlates with IIIG reference oils (courtesy: Rohmax and GM) –TMC % –TMC % –TMC % Provides an 8.5% separation between 434 and 435

ROBO for P Retention ROBO repeatability is a concern –Two repeats (B) differ by 10% –A third (A) is different only in base stock Will require more study or development