Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing.

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing

Law of Human Progress: Society has gone through three stages: theological, metaphysical, and scientific Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing

The bourgeoisie and the proletariat Feelings of alienation Class consciousness Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing

Collective conscience His work on Suicide (1897) Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing

TheoryLevel of Analysis View of Society Major Concepts Pros and Cons of Theory FunctionalismMacroSociety consists of interdependent parts, each fulfilling certain functions Structure, function, manifest and latent function, dysfunctions Pros: examines structures within society; examines the "big picture"; emphasizes the impact that structures in relation to consequences for society Cons: does not emphasize the interactions between individuals Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing Continued…

TheoryLevel of Analysis View of Society Major Concepts Pros and Cons of Theory ConflictMacroConflict between diverse groups within society competing for valuable resources Means of production, proletariats, bourgeoisie, social class, scarce resources Pros: examines stratification and inequality and the reasons that they exist; examines who benefits from existing social relationships Cons: does not explore competition within society as potentially beneficial Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing Continued…

TheoryLevel of Analysis View of Society Major Concepts Pros and Cons of Theory Interact- ionism MicroInteraction between people in society is negotiated using symbols, gestures, and communication, including non-verbal Symbols, social construction, definition of the situation Pros: examines day- to-day interactions between people; examines relationship between identity and social interaction Cons: does not emphasize the ways in which large-scale structures affect interaction Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing Continued…

TheoryLevel of Analysis View of Society Major Concepts Pros and Cons of Theory ExchangeMicroActions are determined by weighing rewards and costs Exchanges, rewards, costs, benefits, negotiation Pros: examines day- to-day interactions between people; examines relationship between identity and social interaction Cons: does not emphasize the ways in which large-scale structures affect interaction Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing Continued…

TheoryLevel of Analysis View of Society Major Concepts Pros and Cons of Theory EvolutionaryMacroSocial systems evolve naturally from simple to complex Organism, social arrangement s social systems, simple, complex, survival of the fittest Pros: looks at society as evolving naturally over time; brings in the possibility of social evolution as connected with biological evolution Cons: does not emphasize the potential negativity of "survival of the fittest" concept Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing Continued…

Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing