Regional Sea Conventions indicators and data flows for hazardous substances TG DATA workshop on Eutrophication (D5) and Hazardous substance (D8) indicators and data flows, April 2014, Copenhagen Commission EU support contract: Development of shared EU-RSC data and information system

Context Need for integration and streamlining of marine reporting data across EU policies and Regional Sea Conventions (RSCs) in order to support policy implementation EU relevant RSCs: the OSPAR Convention (OSPAR) the Helsinki Convention (HELCOM) the Barcelona Convention, implemented by UNEP/MAP the Bucharest Convention, implemented by the Black Sea Commission (BSC) EEA together with the Eionet, manages and updates the WISE-SoE data flows

Objectives Review of the data and information holdings within each of the four RSCs and EEA, as well as the respective flow processes and management systems for the topics of the MSFD with the aim of characterising the present information flow processes in place across Europe, in the light of their ability to support the MSFD and WFD objectives Provide input for a graph database model “data and information flow schema” for a shared marine information system

Methods (1) Collection of information Meetings with RSCs Deltares and AZTI met with OSPAR on Feb 5-6 SYKE and Deltares met with HELCOM on March 4 HCMR held brief meetings with UNEP/MAP and BSC on January 28 followed by communications ICES data center MED POL database IRIS SES project Web sites of the RSCs Inventory on data flows, data products, indicators, assessments etc

Methods (2) Overview of the hazardous substances indicators established or proposed by each RSC Relevance to MSFD and EEA indicators Methodologies they are based on Overview and analysis of data flows that can produce MSFD and RSCs indicators of hazardous substances The priority substances covered by the WFD (2008/105/EC, 2013/39/EC) were the parameters considered for the analysis of data flows on hazardous substances concentrations Data reported to the RSCs in 2012 by the CPs that are EU MS used in the analysis RSCs data flows assessed in comparison to parameters reported by the MS under articles 8, 9 and 10 of the MSFD

Results (1) – Hazardous substances indicators ΜSFD indicators OSPAR Common indicators HELCOM Core indicators UNEP/MAP Proposed common indicators BSC Indicators in Diagnostic Report, 2010 EEA Indicators Inputs of Hg, Cd and Pb via water and air Loads: Inputs of nutrients and HSs from direct (point) sources Concentration of the contaminants mentioned above, measured in the relevant matrix (such as biota, sediment and water) in a way that ensures comparability with the assessments under Directive 2000/60/EC Metal (Hg, Cd, Pb) concentrations in biota Metals (lead, cadmium and mercury) Concentration of key harmful contaminants* in biota, sediment or water Hazardous substances in biota Hazardous substances in sediments MAR001 Hazardous substances in biota Metal (Hg, Cd, Pb) concentrations in sediment Sub indicator Hg, Cd, Pb PCB concentrations in biota Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and dioxins and furans: CB-28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153and 180; WHO-TEQ of dioxins, furans +dl-PCBs Sub indicator PCB PCB concentrations in sediments PAHs concentrations in biota Polyaromatic hydrocarbons and their metabolites: US EPA 16 PAHs / selected metabolites. PAHs concentrations in sediments Organotin concentrations in biota Tributyltin (TBT) and imposex Organotin concentrations in sediments Candidate indicators in light grey

Results (2) – Hazardous substances indicators ΜSFD indicators OSPAR Common indicators HELCOM Core indicators UNEP/MAP Proposed common indicators BSC Indicators in Diagnostic Report, 2010 EEA Indicators Concentration of the contaminants mentioned above, measured in the relevant matrix (such as biota, sediment and water) in a way that ensures comparability with the assessments under Directive 2000/60/EC PBDE concentrations in biota Polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDE): BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153 and 154 PBDE concentrations in sediments HCB (hexachlorobenzene) concentrations in biota Sub indicator HCB HCB (hexachlorobenzene) concentrations in sediments HCBD (hexachlorobutadiene) concentrations in biota HCBD (hexachlorobutadiene) concentrations in sediments Hexabromocyclododace ne (HBCD) Perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) Pharmaceuticals: Diclofenac, EE2 (+E1, E2, E3 + in vitro yeast essay Radioactive substances: Caesium-137 in fish and surface waters Sub indicator lindane Sub indicator DDT Candidate and pre-core indicators in light grey

Results (3) – Hazardous substances indicators ΜSFD indicators OSPAR Common indicators HELCOM Core indicators UNEP/MAP Proposed common indicators BSC diagnostic report 2010 EEA Indicators Levels of pollution effects on the ecosystem components concerned, having regard to the selected biological processes and taxonomic groups where a cause/effect relationship has been established and needs to be monitored Imposex/intersex Tributyltin (TBT) and imposex Level of pollution effects of key contaminants where a cause and effect relationship has been established Externally visible fish diseases Fish diseases – a fish stress indicator Lysosomal stability (LMS)Lysosomal Membrane Stability – a toxic stress indicator Bile metabolites (of PAHs)Polyaromatic hydrocarbons and their metabolites: US EPA 16 PAHs / selected metabolites. Micronuclei (MN)Micronuclei test – a genotoxicity indicator EROD Eelpout and amphipod embryo malformations Occurrence, origin (where possible), extent of significant acute pollution events (e.g. slicks from oil and oil products) and their impact on biota physically affected by this pollution Oiled birdsNumber of waterbirds being oiled annually (biodiversity core indicator) Occurrence, origin (where possible), extent of significant acute pollution events (e.g. slicks from oil, oil products and hazardous substances) and their impact on biota affected by this pollution Illegal discharges of oil at sea Accidental oil spills from shipping Shipping density Candidate and pre-core indicators in light grey

Results (4) – Hazardous substances indicators ΜSFD indicators OSPAR Common indicators HELCOM Core indicators UNEP/MAP Proposed common indicators BSC diagnostic report 2010 EEA Indicators Actual levels of contaminants that have been detected and number of contaminants which have exceeded maximum regulatory levels HELCOM core indicators to assess concentrations against specific limit levels; substances are Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, dl-PCBs, dioxins, Benzo[a]Pyrene and Cesium-137 Actual levels of contaminants that have been detected and number of contaminants which have exceeded maximum regulatory levels in commonly consumed seafood Frequency of regulatory levels being exceeded Percentage of intestinal enterococci concentration measurements within established standards Candidate and pre-core indicators in light grey

Results (5) – Hazardous substances assessment methodologies RSC/EPA/WFDDescription of assessment procedure OSPARMethodologies and assessment criteria developed under CEMP (CEMP Assessment Manual, CEMP assessment criteria) HELCOMGuidelines for monitoring of contaminants and their effects are available in the Manual for Marine Monitoring in the COMBINE Programme of HELCOM. HELCOM guidelines on hazardous substances core indicators methodologies available UNEP/MAPMethodologies for monitoring provided in the framework of the MED POL programme, indicator methodologies under development BSCRecommendations on parameters, frequency and methodologies to be used provided by BSIMAP EPAIndicator methodology developed WFDWFD sets a list of priority substances and environmental quality standards (EQS). Good chemical status is reached for a water body when it complies with the EQS for all the priority substances

Results (6) – Overview of hazardous substances data flows relevant to MSFD indicator MSFD :Concentration of the contaminants mentioned above, measured in the relevant matrix (such as biota, sediment and water) in a way that ensures comparability with the assessments under Directive 2000/60/EC X denotes reporting Hazardous substances in water

Results (7) – Overview of hazardous substances data flows relevant to MSFD indicator MSFD :Concentration of the contaminants mentioned above, measured in the relevant matrix (such as biota, sediment and water) in a way that ensures comparability with the assessments under Directive 2000/60/EC X denotes reporting Hazardous substances in sediment

Results (8) – Overview of hazardous substances data flows relevant to MSFD indicator MSFD :Concentration of the contaminants mentioned above, measured in the relevant matrix (such as biota, sediment and water) in a way that ensures comparability with the assessments under Directive 2000/60/EC X denotes reporting Hazardous substances in biota

Results (9) – Overview of hazardous substances data flows relevant to MSFD indicator and MSFD 8.2.1: Level of pollution effects on the ecosystem components concerned, having regard to the selected biological processes and taxonomic groups where a cause/effect relationship has been established and needs to be monitored X denotes reporting MSFD art 8, 9, 10 reporting from Palialexis et al MSFD Occurrence, origin (where possible), extent of significant acute pollution events (e.g. slicks from oil and oil products) and their impact on biota physically affected by this pollution % 80-61% 60-41% 40-21% 20-1% no reporting % N/A

Results (10) – Overview of hazardous substances data flows on hazardous substances inputs X denotes reporting BSC data is for the period UNEP/MAP CPs report data on point sources of pollution for the National Baseline Budget (NBB) of emissions and releases last published in Countries also report sectors and subsectors and national loads of pollutants for a considerable amount of substances

Summary All RSCs have adopted (HELCOM, OSPAR) or are in the process of adopting (UNEP/MAP, BSC) indicators for hazardous substances A diverse range of substances is reported in the different RSCs and the coverage by countries per WFD substance is quite low Data on hazardous substances in water is not reported to UNEP/MAP Hazardous substances in sediment and biota are reported to all RSCs, some of which by more than 60% of the countries Data reported to OSPAR and HELCOM overall cover a number of the WFD priority substances but the percentage of countries reporting for each substance is low particularly for water data for 11 substances in biota percentage of countries reporting is % OSPAR and HELCOM most reported substances in biota are Cd, Hg, Pb, anthracene, fluoranthene, PAHs, brominated diphenylethers, hexachlorobutadiene, hexachlorocycloexane, dioxin and dioxin like compounds and ppDDT; these substances comprise OSPAR, HELCOM and EEA indicators

Summary Data reported to UNEP/MAP and BSC cover only few of the WFD priority substances; the percentage of countries reporting to UNEP/MAP is low Biological effects of pollution are reported by few countries to OSPAR and HELCOM but not to the other RSCs Occurrence of significant pollution events are reported by few countries to UNEP/MAP and BSC but data are missing for OSPAR and HELCOM High percentages of the OSPAR and HELCOM CPS reported on riverine inputs, OSPAR CPS report also on point sources of contaminants; BSC and UNEP/MAP available data are from 2008 or earlier RSC data flows for MSFD indicator exists but show inconsistencies with the WFD RSC data flows for MSFD indicators and are limited