Security & Cooperation

SECURITY CHALLENGES

Increase in Arms Transfers Cold War, post-CW UNSC P5+1 UN ATT proposal The world's 5 largest military spenders in 2013 according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. [1]Stockholm International Peace Research Institute [1]

Increase in Severity: Technology

Focus, Frequency Change in focus of security ◦ Guns and bombs  human security Increase in frequency ◦ Decolonization ◦ Civil unrest  map

Consequences of Conflict: Syria

Consequences of Conflict: Syria History More than 3.2m have fled Syria ,000 fled in one day into Turkey

Consequences of Conflict a Syrian refugee camp in Jordan for 600,000+ people

Consequences of Conflict What are the int’l consequences of conflict? ◦ Spill-over effect ◦ Creates hostilities ◦ Interferes with trade ◦ Forestalls development ◦ Emigration ◦ Intervention issues ¤

THREATS

By States War Acts of aggression ◦ Russia Russia Special operations Covert Espionage Support insurgents ¤

Across States: Int’l Terrorism What is terrorism? Int’l terrorism ◦ Organize, attack across borders  Al-Shabab  IS Reaction to perceived threats ◦ Colonization, westernization State-sponsored terrorism  Rwanda  M23 Congo rebels  Iran   Hezbollah (Shia) in Lebanon  Houthis (Shia) in Yemen ¤ al.html

Within States: Domestic Terrorism Lack political representation Objectives ◦ Attention ◦ Challenge gov’t  Coup d’état  Assassinations  Guerrilla warfare ◦ Independence  Basques- Eta Is domestic opposition terrorism?  Freedom fighters v. terrorists ¤ Peru’s Shining Path

Piracy Peaked in 2011 Since dropped Int’l waters More common near ‘troubled’ states ◦ Somalia ◦ Nigeria ¤

Piracy Article Piracy Article Sovereignty ◦ Somalia- failed state v. Nigeria- territorial waters GS economic issues ◦ Funding campaigns; illegal, and terrorist activities Int’l cooperation ◦ UNSC ◦ Regional IGOs ◦ Lack resources ◦ East more trafficked  In east, not west ¤