TISSUES EpithelialConnectiveMuscleNervous

EPITHELIAL superficial layers of mucous membranes, cells comprising skin, cells lining body cavities and connecting tubes superficial layers of mucous membranes, cells comprising skin, cells lining body cavities and connecting tubes Minimal intercellular material Minimal intercellular material Tightly packed cell sheets Tightly packed cell sheets characteristics characteristics Many or few layersMany or few layers Ciliated or notCiliated or not Glandular or notGlandular or not

blood vessels, heart, alveoli, lymph vesselssecretory function as in thyroid stomach, intestines, gall bladder skin, mouth, pharynx, esophagus Ciliated nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi Lining of bladder Epithelial Tissue

Connective Tissue Solid, liquid, gel Solid, liquid, gel Primarily matrix (intercellular material) which binds cells Primarily matrix (intercellular material) which binds cells May be loose or dense May be loose or dense

Loose Connective Tissue Areolar Areolar Supportive, elastic, weave of flexible collagenSupportive, elastic, weave of flexible collagen Between muscles & supports organsBetween muscles & supports organs Adipose Adipose Fat cells found below skin in subcutaneous fasciaFat cells found below skin in subcutaneous fascia Between muscles and organsBetween muscles and organs Lymphoid Lymphoid LymphocytesLymphocytes Tonsils, adenoids, lymph nodesTonsils, adenoids, lymph nodes

Dense Connective Tissue White Fibrous White Fibrous Unyielding, strong, closely packedUnyielding, strong, closely packed Ligaments, tendons, aponeurosesLigaments, tendons, aponeuroses Fascia covering of organsFascia covering of organs Yellow Elastic Yellow Elastic Elastic, has recoilElastic, has recoil Cartilage of trachea; bronchi, lungsCartilage of trachea; bronchi, lungs Some ligamentsSome ligaments

Dense Connective Tissue Tendon Tendon Tough, non elasticTough, non elastic Great tensile strength, keeps fibers from being separated when pulledGreat tensile strength, keeps fibers from being separated when pulled Reduced compressive strength, keeps fibers from being crushedReduced compressive strength, keeps fibers from being crushed Always associated with a muscleAlways associated with a muscle Attaches muscle to bone, cartilage and to each otherAttaches muscle to bone, cartilage and to each other Aponeuroses, flat tendon sheetAponeuroses, flat tendon sheet

Dense Connective Tissue Ligament Ligament Great tensile strength, none or little stretchGreat tensile strength, none or little stretch Bind bone to bone, bone to cartilage, cartilage to cartilage- skeletalBind bone to bone, bone to cartilage, cartilage to cartilage- skeletal Bind organs to organs- visceralBind organs to organs- visceral

Dense Connective Tissue Fascia Fascia All dense connective tissue other than tendons, aponeuroses or ligamentAll dense connective tissue other than tendons, aponeuroses or ligament Found throughout the bodyFound throughout the body Usually in the form of membranous sheetsUsually in the form of membranous sheets Commonly associated with muscles: endomesium, perimesium, epimysiumCommonly associated with muscles: endomesium, perimesium, epimysium

Special Connective Tissues Cartilage Hyaline Hyaline Both tensile and compressive strengthBoth tensile and compressive strength Covers articular surfaces of boneCovers articular surfaces of bone Non-articular surfaces of cartilage are perichondrium coveredNon-articular surfaces of cartilage are perichondrium covered Calcification or ossification with ageCalcification or ossification with age Found in chondral/costal portion of ribs, larynx, trachea, bronchial passagesFound in chondral/costal portion of ribs, larynx, trachea, bronchial passages

Special Connective Tissues Cartilage Fibro-cartilage Fibro-cartilage Dense,white, flexible fibersDense,white, flexible fibers Found in some joints in the bodyFound in some joints in the body Intervertebral discsIntervertebral discs Yellow-elastic Yellow-elastic Firm elastic fibersFirm elastic fibers Found in the pinna, epiglottisFound in the pinna, epiglottis

Special Connective Tissues Bone/osseous All bone begins as cartilage All bone begins as cartilage Provide rigid skeletal support Provide rigid skeletal support Dense or compact Dense or compact Lamellar or sheet like structure Lamellar or sheet like structure Great tensile and compressive strengthGreat tensile and compressive strength Spongy or porous Spongy or porous Appears porous microscopicallyAppears porous microscopically Contains marrow that produces red and white blood cells, blood plasma matrixContains marrow that produces red and white blood cells, blood plasma matrix

Special Connective Tissues Blood Blood cells arise from within bone marrow Blood cells arise from within bone marrow Fluid component is plasma Fluid component is plasma Blood consists of corpuscles (cells) and platelets which are separated by plasma Blood consists of corpuscles (cells) and platelets which are separated by plasma Cells are red (erythocytes) and white (leukocytes) Cells are red (erythocytes) and white (leukocytes)

Muscle Tissue Skeletal Skeletal Voluntary muscle or somatic, found in skeletal structure, striated in appearanceVoluntary muscle or somatic, found in skeletal structure, striated in appearance Smooth Smooth Involuntary muscle, found in digestive and other involuntary organs, non striatedInvoluntary muscle, found in digestive and other involuntary organs, non striated Cardiac Cardiac Both smooth and striated in appearance, found in the heartBoth smooth and striated in appearance, found in the heart

Muscle Tissue Elastic, contractile tissue Elastic, contractile tissue Agonist is the prime mover of a structure Agonist is the prime mover of a structure Antagonist opposes a given movement Antagonist opposes a given movement Synergists are muscles that stabilize Synergists are muscles that stabilize Muscles are innervated by a single nerve Muscles are innervated by a single nerve Sensory innervation is termed afferentSensory innervation is termed afferent Motor innervation is termed efferentMotor innervation is termed efferent Motor unit is one efferent nerve fiber and the muscle fibers to which it attachesMotor unit is one efferent nerve fiber and the muscle fibers to which it attaches

Muscle Tissue Fascia surrounds muscle components Fascia surrounds muscle components Endomysium surrounds a muscle cell (fiber)Endomysium surrounds a muscle cell (fiber) Perimysium surrounds bundles of muscle fibersPerimysium surrounds bundles of muscle fibers Epimysium surrounds the muscle itselfEpimysium surrounds the muscle itself

Nerve Tissue