7th Edition Medical Terminology for Health Professions Ann Ehrlich/Carol L.Schroeder © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved The Muscular System Chapter 4

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of the Muscular System

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Muscles Primary Function –Make body movement possible –Hold body erect –Move body fluids –Produce body heat

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Muscles Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) –my/o, myos/o

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Fascia Primary Function –Cover, support, and separate muscles Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) –fasci/o

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Tendons Primary Function –Attach muscles to bones Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) –ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Types of Muscle Tissue Skeletal muscles: Attached to bones of the skeleton Make body motions possible Voluntary muscles Striated muscles (continues)

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Types of Muscle Tissue (continues)

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Types of Muscle Tissue Smooth muscles: Located in walls of internal organs, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands Move and control the flow of fluids through these structures Involuntary, unstriated, and visceral muscles (continues)

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Types of Muscle Tissue (continues)

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Types of Muscle Tissue Myocardial Muscle Form the muscular walls of the heart Myocardium or cardiac muscle (continues)

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Types of Muscle Tissue

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Muscle Contraction and Relaxation Muscle innervation: stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve Neuromuscular: pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle (continues)

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Muscle Contraction and Relaxation Antagonistic Muscle Pairs –Contraction –Relaxation

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Contrasting Muscle Motion Abduction: movement of a limb away from the midline of the body Adduction: movement of a limb toward the midline of the body (continues)

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Contrasting Muscle Motion (continues)

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Contrasting Muscle Motion Flexion: decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint Extension: increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening out of a limb Hyperextension: the extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit (continues)

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Contrasting Muscle Motion

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Rotation and Circumduction Rotation: a circular movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint Circumduction: the circular movement at the far end of a limb (continues)

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Rotation and Circumduction

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Supination and Pronation Supination: the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned forward or upward Pronation: the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward (continues)

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Supination and Pronation

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion Dorsiflexion: the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle Plantar flexion: the movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle (continues)

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Key Word Parts and Definitions bi- –twice, double, two -cele –hernia, tumor, swelling dys- –bad, difficult, or painful fasci/o –fascia, fibrous band (continues)

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Key Word Parts and Definitions fibr/o –fibrous tissue, fiber -ia –abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium -ic –pertaining to kines/o, kinesi/o –movement (continues)

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Key Word Parts and Definitions my/o –muscle -plegia –paralysis, stroke -rrhexis –rupture tax/o –coordination, order (continues)

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Key Word Parts and Definitions ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o –tendon, stretch out, extend, strain ton/o –tone, stretching, tension, tri- –three

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Questions

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Question The largest muscle in the human body is found in the buttocks. True or False?

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Answer True. The gluteus maximus in the buttocks is the largest muscle in the body.

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Question How many muscles are required to raise your eyebrows? a.15 b.8 c.30

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Answer c. 30

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Question Pronation is the act of rotating the arm so that the palm of the hand is turned upward. True or False?

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Answer False. Supination is the act of rotating the arm so that the palm of the hand is turned upward.

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Question Singultus is the medical term for: a.A facial tick b.Hiccups c.Cramps

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Answer b. Hiccups