Temperature, Heat and Internal Energy Temperature The degree of hotness

Temperature, Heat and Internal Energy Temperature Scales (1) Ice point 0 o C (melting ice) (2) Steam point 100 o C (boiling water) Celsius Scale

Temperature, Heat and Internal Energy Kelvin Scale Ice pt : 273 K Steam pt : 373 K 1K = 1 o C T(in K) = T (in o C) Absolute zero -273 o C or 0 K

Temperature, Heat and Internal Energy Particle motion and Temperature Examine the relationship HERE Temperature Particles move faster Average K.E. increases

Temperature, Heat and Internal Energy Thermometer Instrument to measure temperature Common type of thermometer: Liquid-in-glass thermometer (1) mercury-in-glass (2) alcohol-in-glass

Temperature, Heat and Internal Energy Clinical Thermometer Thermal Expansion in liquid Around 37 o C Narrow bend : avoid running back

Temperature, Heat and Internal Energy Rotary Thermometer Thermal Expansion in solid About –40 to 60 o C (small range)

Temperature, Heat and Internal Energy Thermocouple Thermometer Voltage / current -200 o C to 1700 o C (very large range) Industry (ovens / furnaces)

Temperature, Heat and Internal Energy Resistance Thermometer Resistance, Current -200 o C to 1200 o C Industry

Temperature, Heat and Internal Energy Thermistor Thermometer Resistance, Current Up to hundreds Home use Not very accurate

Temperature, Heat and Internal Energy Calibration of a Thermometer Click HERE to see the calibration of a thermocouple thermometer

Temperature, Heat and Internal Energy Internal energy K.E. + P.E. Force between particles Distance  P.E. Solid < liquid < gas Motion of particles T increases  K.E. increases T o C

Temperature, Heat and Internal Energy Heat T A > T B Heating A B

Temperature, Heat and Internal Energy REMARKS ON HEATING 1. Heating ends when T A = T B 2. Energy Transfer: (a) Doing work - force (b) Heating – temp. diff. 3. Power of heating? * P = E / t * in W, kW * Joulemeter / kWh meter and stop watch