NIXON’S FOREIGN POLICY Sec Pages NIXON’S FOREIGN POLICY Sec Pages Define: Détente – balance of power – embargo – shuttle diplomacy Identify: Richard Nixon – Henry Kissinger – Zhou Enlai- Leonid Brezhnev – Yom Kippur War – Golda Meir – Anwar Sadat - Gen. Augusto Pinochet

Easing the Cold War Détente Policy – a policy which attempts to relax or ease tensions between nations Pres. Nixon first US president to go behind iron curtain – find common interests Appointed Henry Kissinger – Nat’l Security Adviser Believed peace among nations comes through negotiations, not threats or force Believed in balance of power – distribution of power among nations to prevent any one nations from becoming too powerful or dominating

People’s Republic of China Since 1949, US had not recognized the Communist Chinese gov’t. In April 1971,US opened trade with China Feb Pres. Nixon visited Beijing, capital and met Zhou Enlai (Premier) – both agreed to exchange cultural ideas and resume trade.

Soviet Union Nixon visited Moscow (capital) in May 1972 (1 st US president to visit Soviet capital) Soviets need US grain and hope to gain US technology. Soviet leader, Leonid Brezhnev and Nixon signed SALT I Treaty – restricting certain types of nuclear missiles (ICBM and submarine-launched) in both arsenals. Began to reduce tensions between US & Soviets – agreed to work together in trade and science

SUMMARIZE Vocab term - a policy which attempts to relax or ease tensions between nations Vocab term - distribution of power among nations to prevent any one nations from becoming too powerful or dominating What area did Nixon visit – 1 st time for US president? What was the SALT I treaty?

MIDDLE EAST Arab-Israeli Tensions- Oct. 6, US had continued to support Jewish state of Israel. The Six Day War in 1967 left Israel in control of Jerusalem, West Bank, Golan Heights, Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula of Egypt. Thousands of Palestinians lived in Israeli-held territory in neighboring Arab states. Palestinians demanded own homeland.

YOM KIPPUR WAR Oct. 6, 1973 Egypt and Syria attacked Israel to regain lost territory in Six-Day War. It was Yom Kippur (Jewish holiday)- Day of Atonement – last 10 days of repentance and 25 hours of fasting and prayer. They ask for forgiveness of wrongs US supplied military aid to Israel. US pressured Israel to accept cease fire – Israel regained initial lost territory plus land in Syria and Egypt Arab oil producing nations imposed embargo (ban on shipments) on US – caused gas shortage

Shuttle Diplomacy Nixon sent Sec. of State, Henry Kissinger, to Arab leaders to negotiate agreement traveling back and forth between capitals of Israel, Egypt, and Syria. In early 1974, Israel prime minister, Golda Meir, and Egyptian Pres. Anwar el-Sadat, agreed to separate Israel and Arab forces in Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights. Kissinger persuaded Arabs to end embargo – US promised large foreign aid to Egypt, the most powerful Arab state at this time.

LATIN AMERICA Chile – Pres. Salvador Allende - follower of Karl Marx’s communism. With CIA backing, Chilean military leaders under Gen. Augusto Pinochet overthrew and killed Allende. US recognized new military dictatorship and restored foreign aid to Chile.

SUMMARIZE What countries were involved in the Six Day War? What US Sec. of State gained peace agreements? What vocab word means ban on shipments? What country in Latin America did the CIA help overthrow their leader?