Cell Structures Eukaryotic Cells

Cell Parts Cells – the basic unit of life Organelles - small structures inside a cell with specific functions. Analogy – City of Fullerton

A) Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane Analogy – Fullerton city limits 1.Function: Regulates materials entering and exiting the cell. 2.Structure: Two layers of phospholipids, proteins Cell membrane

B) Cytoplasm 1.Function: All cell contents that lie between the cell membrane and the nucleus. (organelles + cytosol) a. Cytosol = liquid portion/non-organelles. 2.Structure: made up of fluid and organelles except for nucleus Analogy – All air, water, life that are in Fullerton, except City Hall Cytoplasm

C) Nucleus 1.Function: “Control Center.” Regulates DNA & RNA actions. 2.Structure: membrane bound, contains DNA Analogy – City Hall Nucleus

D) Nuclear Envelope Analogy – Walls & Doors of City Hall 1.Function: Regulates what enters or exits the nucleus. 2.Structure: Double Layer of Lipids Nuclear Envelope

E) Nucleolus Analogy – The Mayor 1.Function: Produces RNA, which are used to make all proteins. 2.Structure: Inside Nucleus, separate from DNA Nucleolus

F) DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid Analogy – The Laws or City Code 1.Function: information on how to make proteins. a.Chromatin – unorganized DNA (normal state) b.Chromosomes – organized DNA (present before cell division 2.Structure: Made up of nucleotides, locked in the nucleus DNA (chromatin)

G) Endoplasmic Reticulum Analogy – Roads & Sidewalks 1.Function: Transportation route for proteins. a.Rough ER: has ribosomes b.Smooth ER: no ribosomes 2.Structure: tubes and channels Rough ER Smooth ER

H) Ribosomes Analogy – Restaurants, Factories, Builders. 1.Function: Makes proteins. 2.Structure: small circular organelles Ribosomes Free Ribosomes

I) Vacuoles & Vesicles Analogy – Grocery stores, water tanks. 1.Function: Storage for water, nutrients or waste. 2.Structure: small membrane-bound organelle. Vesicles

J) Lysosomes Analogy – Recycling center 1.Function: packets of enzymes that break down materials in a cell. 2.Structure: Small membrane-bound organelles Lysosomes

K) Mitochondria Analogy – SCE 1.Function: Produce energy for the cell – site of cellular respiration. “The Powerhouse” 2.Structure: Double membrane-bound, kidney shaped. Mitochondria

L) Golgi Apparatus Analogy – Post Office 1.Function: Packages, labels and ships proteins out of the cell. 2.Structure: Pancake-shaped layered organelle Golgi Apparatus

M) Cytoskeleton Analogy – Wood, cement, steel beams 1.Function: Provide support and structure for the cell. a. Microfilaments b. Microtubules 2.Structure: Tubules Microfilaments Microtubules

N) Centrioles (Animals Only) Analogy – Troy High School vs. Fullerton High School 1.Function: microtubules that help divide the cell during cell division. Structure: Tubules Centrioles

O) Cilia & Flagella Analogy – Cars or bicycles. 1.Function: provides movement for the cell or objects moving by the cell. 2.Structure: a. Flagella – 1 long fiber b. Cilia – many short fibers Flagella Cilia

P) Chloroplasts (Plants only) Analogy – Solar Panels 1.Function: site of photosynthesis (converting sun and CO2 into sugar). 2.Structure: Membrane bound organelles that contain chlorophyll Chloroplasts

Q) Cell Wall (Plant cells only) Analogy – ground, rock wall 1.Function: Provides support for the cell and the plant. 2.Structure: Made of cellulose Cell Wall

Journal Entry On a two-page spread, draw an animal cell diagram & a plant cell diagram Be sure to include and label all of the cell structures. –For each structure, identify its role or function