Solid Waste Management Chapter 14 1

Generation (Section 14.2) What is the average per capita MSW generation in the U.S.? A. 1.3 lb/d B. 2.4 lb/d C. 4.6 lb/d D. 5.1 lb/d 2

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MSW Composition

1990 5

Activity Q1 Why are local generation and composition data important to have? A. To estimate landfill life B. To provide work for engineers C. To determine tipping fees D. To determine incinerator capacity E. To estimate future impacts of recycling or composting F. To determine the best mix of management methods G. They aren’t; national averages are adequate 6

Collection (Section 14.1) 7

Collection Vehicles 8

Activity Q2 How can you optimize routing for collection services? A. Avoid rush-hour traffic B. Maximize left turns C. Minimize left turns D. Travel downhill E. Begin routes near garage F. Avoid backtracking G. End routes near transfer station or landfill 9

Example A typical side-loaded compactor truck has a capacity of 30 yd 3. Estimate the maximum number of residences it can serve per week. It can make 3 trips per day, 4 days per week. (The fifth day is reserved for special collections, holidays, etc.) Assume each residence contains 3.5 people. 10

Management What can be done with it all? 11

Raw Materials Materials Processing Product Manufacture Packaging, Distribution Product Use Disposal Reuse Remanufacture Recycle Definitions 12

Activity Q3 What is the preferred waste management hierarchy? A. Recycling, Landfilling, Incineration B. Landfilling, Recycling, Incineration, Reuse C. Recycling, Incineration with energy recovery, Incineration w/o energy recovery, Landfilling D. Reuse, Composting, Incineration, Landfilling E. Recycling, Reuse, Remanufacturing, Landfilling F. None of the above 13

Management Hierarchy & Integrated Solid Waste Management (Section 14.7) 14

Historical Management (tons) 15

Management By Region 16

Activity Q4 What will impact the choice for a community’s integrated solid waste management system? A. Bans B. Diversion mandates C. Current disposal capacity D. Future disposal capacity E. Political climate F. Federal/state money available G. Citizen complacency 17

Source Reduction (Section 14.6) 18

Recycling (Section 14.3) 19

Recycling Costs, Recycling Benefits What are they? 20

Marketing 21

Activity Q5 What makes material recyclable? A. Has the chasing arrows symbol on it B. Collectable and marketable C. Fairly abundant in the waste stream, processable, and marketable D. Some in the waste stream and processable 22

The Chasing Arrows 23

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O 2 NutrientsH 2 O H 2 O Heat CO 2 Microorganisms Compost or humus Special Recycling: Composting Controlled aerobic partial degradation of organic wastes 25

Composting 26

Combustion (Section 14.4) 27

Current Use 28

Activity Q6 What are the advantages of incineration? A. There are none. Landfilling and recycling are better. B. It destroys toxic organics. C. It reduces long-term liability. D. It’s cheaper. E. It can produce energy. F. It reduces the volume needing landfilling. G. It produces air pollution instead of water pollution. H. It can improve the recycling rate. I. It has a smaller footprint. 29

Pollution Control 30

Costs Net Total Cost (Study published 2/07) Net Total Life Cycle Criteria Emissions (Study published 2/07) 31

Historic “Landfills” (aka dumps) (Section 14.5) 32

Activity Q7 What are the types of landfills? A. Good, bad, and awful B. Secure, sanitary, and monofill C. Hazardous waste, municipal solid waste, and construction and demolition D. Bioreactor and industrial waste 33

Modern Sanitary Landfill Design 34

Sanitary Landfill Design Clay Waste Gas collection Leachate collection Sand Liner Cap Beware: critical angles, permeabilities 35

Landfill Design Lift (layer) Cell Lift 36

Leachate Collection & Treatment 37

LFG Collection & Management 38

Landfill Number and Capacity Illinois 39

Activity Q8 Regulatory requirements for landfill siting include: A. Keep a minimum distance from airports B. Keep away from communities C. Cover the waste daily D. Keep out of floodplains, wetlands, and unstable soils E. Prevent hazardous waste from being deposited F. Monitor groundwater and gas generation G. Install liner plus leachate and gas collection systems § 40

Other Siting Issues §NIMBY Not In My Back Yard §NIMET Not In My Elected Term §BANANA Build Absolutely Nothing Anytime Near Anyone 41