Good Jobs Green Jobs Conference Washington DC 2/10/2013 SmartTruck Systems A Look at Tractor Trailer Fuel Efficiency

SmartTruck engineering and design was born in the aerospace, motorsports and automotive industries: – Boeing and NASA Technology – Aerion Super Sonic Business Jet – Boeing MD 80 Winglet for aging aircraft – Racing and Motorsports Daytona Prototype development Indy Car NASCAR – Ballistics – Ford Hybrid Concept Car – Bright Automotive Plug-In Hybrid Van SmartTruck’s mission: transfer technology and design techniques from the aerospace industry to the trucking industry to produce groundbreaking, rugged performance equipment for tractors and trailers SmartTruck Introduction

SmartTruck’s focus is on advanced aerodynamics

Type of Vehicle FE Rating (miles/gallon) Loaded Weight (lbs) Vehicle Efficiency (ton-miles/gallon) ,000 7,300 3, Class 8 Long Haul Truck Large SUV Compact Gas Hybrid ???? 119 e 3, Fuel Performance Perspective

1977 Trans Am compared to now – HP, MPG

1977 Pontiac Trans Am 1978 CAFE std: 18.0 mpg Vehicle Specs: – V8 6.6L engine: 200 hp – ~14 mpg The Car: 1977 to Chevrolet Camaro 2014 CAFE std: 31.3 mpg – (74% improvement over 1978) Vehicle Specs/Options: – Camaro 1LS V6 3.6L engine: 323 hp 22 mpg (combined) – Camaro 1SS V8 6.2L engine: 426 hp 19 mpg – Camaro ZL1 (shown in photo) V8 6.2L Supercharged engine: 580 hp 14 mpg

The Tractor Trailer: 1977 to Tractor Trailer Fleet 4.6 mpg (Argonne National Labs) Tractor: – No aerodynamic fairings – Exterior air cleaner and exhaust stacks – Square nose Trailer: – 48’ Trailer limit 2014 Tractor Trailer Fleet 6.5 mpg (41% improvement over 1977) Tractor: – Aggressive aerodynamic improvements Trailer: – 53’ Trailer limit

Drivetrain Interstate: 2-4% Drivetrain Interstate: 2-4% Auxiliary Loads Interstate: 1-4% Auxiliary Loads Interstate: 1-4% Rolling Resistance Interstate: 13-16% Rolling Resistance Interstate: 13-16% Aerodynamic Losses Interstate: 15-22% Aerodynamic Losses Interstate: 15-22% Engine Losses Interstate: 58 – 59% Engine Losses Interstate: 58 – 59% Inertia/Braking Interstate: 0-2% Inertia/Braking Interstate: 0-2% Where is energy lost with tractor trailers? Moving Forward

Opportunities for Fuel Savings % Fuel Efficiency Improvements Data from multiple sources: NESCCAF, ICCT, Calstart, Navistar

DOE SuperTruck Program: ~10 mpg – 50% improved Tractor Trailer efficiency (compared to 2009 MY) 30/50% improvement achieved through vehicle technologies 20/50% improvement achieved through engine technologies Attain 50% engine brake thermal efficiency and demonstrate path to 55% EPA/NHTSA FE/GHG Standards: – Phase I (MY 2014 – 2018): ~8 mpg ~20% improvement by 2018 (compared to 2010) Only address tractor and engine system (no trailers) Also looks at vehicle efficiency: ton-miles/gal or g CO 2 /ton-mile – Phase II (TBD): may include trailers Future Performance Targets

Aerodynamics Due to the amount of highway miles driven, the tractor trailer would benefit more than any other vehicle on the road from advanced aerodynamic improvements. Type of Vehicle Drag Coefficient (Cd) Average Annual Highway Miles Class 8 Long Haul Tractor Trailer ,000 Large SUV ,750 Aerodynamically Advanced Car.256,750 Potential Class 8 Truck Highway Fuel Efficiency at 65 mph Cd MPG If the tractor trailer had the aerodynamic performance of a well designed car it could achieve 11 mpg on the highway.

Aerodynamics Where is the Drag on Tractor Trailers?

Side skirts Boat tails Under Trailer Systems Nose Fairings Trailer Aerodynamic Strategies: Retrofit

Tractor Trailer Concepts

Long Haul Impacts per Trip Good Jobs Green Jobs 2,795 miles (95% long haul) Diesel Fuel mpgDifference Diesel Fuel Consumed (gal)430 gal254 gal176 gal CO 2 Emissions (lbs)9,546 lbs5,640 lbs3,906 lbs Fuel ($4/gal)$1,720$1,016$704

Testing and validating fuel performance Ensuring individual system improvements work with other system improvements ROI vs. CapX Trailer to tractor ratio: national average is 2.75 Driver training and capability – Drivers impacts can be 30% Vehicle size and longer combination vehicles Factors to Consider

Good Jobs Green Jobs Conference Washington DC 2/10/2013 Thank You SmartTruck Systems Mitchell Greenberg