Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf?

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Presentation transcript:

Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf? Acid/Base Chemistry The pH scale and what does it mean? Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf?

Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf? pH What is it? What does it mean? How do you measure it? Can you determine other things from pH? Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf?

Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf? pH an Overview pH is the measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions is a solution. pH is measured on a log scale. pH = - log[H+] pH is used to indicate the degree of acidity or alkalinity (basic) of a solution. A solution is of a water solvent (polar) Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf?

Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf? When there is a high [H+], the solution is acidic. On the other hand when the [H+] concentration is low, the solution is basic. So if there is a high [H+], there must be a low [OH-] If there is a low [H+], there must be a high [OH-] So what does H+ and OH- create? H2O Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf?

Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf? Water Pure water should have a neutral pH, due to have equal amounts of [H+] & [OH-]. Acid and bases are created by adding polar molecules to water to increase [H+], or increase [OH-] The pH scale is used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf?

Representative pH Values pH Scale The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. 0 being the most acidic and 14 being the most basic. So what does the pH tell us about [H+] of a solution? If something has a pH of: pH 1 = [H+] = 0.1 M pH 2 = [H+] = 0.01 M pH 3 = [H+] = 0.001M pH 4 = [H+] = 0.0001M pH 5 = [H+] = 0.00001M pH 6 = [H+] = 1X 10-6M pH 7 = [H+] = 1X 10-7M pH 8 = [H+] = 1X 10-8M pH 9 = [H+] = 1X 10-9M pH 10=[H+] = 1X 10-10M pH 11=[H+] = 1X 10-11M pH 12=[H+] = 1X 10-12M pH 13=[H+] = 1X 10-13M pH 14=[H+] = 1X 10-14M Representative pH Values Substance pH battery acid 0.5 gastric acid 1.5-2.0 lemon juice 2.4 cola 2.5 vinegar 2.9 orange juice 3.5 acid rain 4.5-5.0 tea 5.5 milk 6.5 pure water 7.0 saliva 7.0-7.4 blood 7.3-7.5 sea water 8.0 soap 9.0-10.0 ammonia 11.5 household bleach 12.5 lye (sodium hydroxide) 13.5 Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf?

Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf? How to Figure it out? If you were given HCl with a concentration of 0.003M, what would be the pH? pH = -log [H+] pH = -log[0.003M] pH = 2.52 pH will not have a unit!!! Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf?

How does pH and pOH relate? pH and pOH relate in the following way pH + pOH = 14 pOH is the measure of the [OH-], in a solution. What would be the pOH of an solution with a pH of 5.75? pOH = 14 - 5.75 pOH = 8.25 Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf?

Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf? If given pH To determine the concentration from pH, one must do the following: [H+] = 10 (-pH) So what is the [H+] of a solution with a pH of 12.05? [H+] = 10 (-12.05) [H+] = 8.91 X 10 -13 M antilog Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf?

Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf? Sample Problem 1 What is the pH and pOH of an solution with [H+] of 3.33 X 10-9 M? 1st solve for pH pH = -log [H+] pH = - log[3.33 X 10-9 M] pH = 8.48 2nd  solve for pOH pOH = 14 – pH pOH = 14 - 8.48 pOH = 5.52 (acidic) Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf?

Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf? Sample Problem 2 What is the [H+] of a solution with a pOH of 4.14? 1st  determine pH pH = 14 – pOH pH = 14 – 4.14 pH = 9.86 (basic) 2nd determine [H+] [H+] = 10 (-pH) [H+] = 10 (-9.86) [H+] = 1.38 X 10 -10 M Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf?

Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf? Sample Problem 3 What is the pH of a solution with a [OH-] = 2.35 X 10-9? 1st determine pOH pOH = -log [OH-] pOH = -log[2.35X10-9 M] pOH = 8.63 2nd determine pH pH = 14 – pOH pH = 14- 8.63 pH = 5.37 (acidic) Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf?

Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf? Sample Problem 4 What is the pH of a solution that was made from 4.57g of HCl dissolved in 750 mL of water? 1st  determine moles of HCl 4.57g HCl 1 mol HCl = 0.125 mol HCl 36.46 g HCl Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf?

Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf? Sample 4 …. 2nd determine concentration of [H+], since this is an acid the [H+] would be the same as the concentration of the whole molecule of HCl. We will get [H+] & [Cl-], both with the total of 0.125 moles each. So concentration will be moles / volume (L) [H+] = 0.125 moles/ 0.750 L [H+] = 0.333M Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf?

Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf? Problem 4… Next determine pH pH = -log [H+] pH = -log [0.333M] pH = 0.48 (very acidic) Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf?

Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf? Your Turn.. What is the [H+] of an acid with a pH of 5.56? Determine the pH of a 0.0045 M HCl? Determine pOH of a solution with a pH of 8.65? What is the pH of a base with an [OH-] of 3.44X10-5 M? Ans: 1. 1.35 2. 2.75X 10-6M 3. 5.35 4. 9.54 Created by Seth Floyd - What's on Your Shelf?