1 Foundations of American Education, Fifth Edition L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

2 Chapter 14 The School Curriculum: Development and Design PowerPoint Presentation L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

3 Forces Influencing the Curriculum L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

4 Forces Influencing the Curriculum (continued) national curricular standards textbooks mandated assessments state governments L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

5 Forces Influencing the Curriculum (continued) teachers local school boards parent and community groups the federal government L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

6 Curriculum Development Prescriptive Perspective –Steps in curriculum development determine what educational purposes to pursue identify and select learning experiences organize learning experiences develop a means to evaluate L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

7 Curriculum Development (continued) Deliberative Perspective –Steps in curriculum development platform – group develops consensus deliberation – assess state of affairs and course of action design – creation of the curriculum L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

8 Curriculum Development (continued) Critical Perspective –Eisner’s artistic approach attend to explicit and vague goals and objectives draw content from individual and society transform content into a learning event organize nonlinear learning opportunities L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

9 Curriculum Development (continued) Critical Perspective (continued) –Eisner’s artistic approach (continued) organize content cross-curricula use multiple modes of communication evaluate with comprehensive range of procedures L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

10 Curriculum Development (continued) Perspectives Compared –illustrate alternative approaches –illustrate different assumptions –illustrate different processes L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

11 Curriculum Mapping Jacobs’ mapping framework 1.essential questions 2.content 3.skills 4.assessments 5.activities 6.resources L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

12 Patterns of Curriculum Design The Subject-Area Design –oldest and most common organization plan –curriculum viewed as body of subject matter –essentialism and back to basics –Bestor, Adler, and Bloom L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

13 Patterns of Curriculum Design (continued) The Integrated Curriculum Design –integrated courses –subject-matter flexibility –experimentalism –Brody, Silberman, and Sarason L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

14 Patterns of Curriculum Design (continued) The Core Curriculum Design –minimum content to be mastered –recommended in school reform reports –perennialism –Goodlad and Boyer L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

15 Patterns of Curriculum Design (continued) The Student-Centered Curriculum Design –focus on the development of the individual or whole child –progressivism –Dewey, Holt, Kohl, and Eisner L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

16 Patterns of Curriculum Design (continued) The Constructivism Design –students construct knowledge through learning activities and relevant experiences L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

17 Patterns of Curriculum Design (continued) The Social Justice Curriculum Design –curriculum as impetus for social change and equity –curriculum can modify and improve the future –social reconstructionism L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

18 Patterns of Curriculum Design (continued) Curriculum Contrasts –most schools use variations of curriculum models –choice of curriculum reflects prevailing philosophical orientation –elementary schools more student centered –secondary schools more subject centered L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

19 The Hidden Curriculum norms and values that underlie the formal curriculum textbooks and curriculum materials organizational structure of the classroom null curriculum L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

20 The Curriculum Cycle L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.