Ocean Sustanaibility Fisheries changes in paradigms Beatriz Morales-Nin INSTITUT MEDITERRÀNI D’ESTUDIS AVANÇATS

2 From subsistence to commercial fisheries Necessary conditions for fishing Available fish stock resources Capacity of producing fishing effort Additional conditions for developing commercial fisheries Available markets Wealth creation – access to capital Consequences: Labour is substituted by capital as capital becomes more available and labour more expensive The market failure of open access to the natural resource becomes critical – hence: Fisheries management is necessary

3 Small-scale fisheries Operating range Low High Commercialisation Low Artisanal fleet High Recreational fishing Subsistence Industrialised fleet Who to be managed?

4 ProtectFisheriesNature Object The FisherThe Market Stock Recruitment The ecosystem Types of means Support Living Conditions Mercantilism Fish Size Regulation Precautionary approach InfrastructureFish Stocking Harvest Control Rules Extension services Mesh Size Regulation Effort and catch regulations MPA regulation Development over time History of Fisheries Management

5 Some management trends 1000 Market access, improved infrastructure 1700 Technological development, regulation to increase efficiency 1900 Acknowledging overfishing problems 1970 Assuming catch to determine stock development 1975 Limited entry and quota regulation 1977 Exclusive Economic Zones 1985 Closing the commons, property rights 1992 Precautionary approach 1995 Indicator based harvest control rules 2000 Preserve biodiversity 2002 Ecosystem-based management Adaptive management

6 Management of system interaction Management Socio- economical dynamics Biological dynamics Environmental Constraints

7 Thanks for your attention! imedea.uib.csic.es Miquel Marqués, Esporles, Mallorca Illes Balears, ESPANYA Tel.: Fax: Questions?