Main extensions of ISO/IEC MFI Ontology registration Edition2 HE Keqing (HE Yangfan) and OKABE, Masao Editors ISO/IEC MFI Ontology registration project WG2 N1132

2008/5/ Motivations to Ed2 By nature, ontologies evolves gradually and ontologies are reused mutually. So, it is required that MFI Ontology registration can register mulch versions of an ontology and keep track with them. Evolution_Information_Model package Several other requirementsBasic_Model package ontology B use ontology A Ver.2 Ver.1 evolves ontology C use

2008/5/ Two packages MFI Ontology registration Ed2 introduces the notion of “package” of MOF and consists of two packages. One is Basic_Model package and the other is Evolution_Information_Model package. Evolution_Information_Model package consists of new metaclasses that store evolution information (relation between previous and new versions) of ontologies. Basic_Model package is similar to Ed1 but has several extensions.

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5 Evolution_Information_Model package (1 of 2) Metaclass ”Evolution_Information” has three mataclasses that shows previous version and new version of Ontology_Whole, Ontology_Component, Ontology_Atomic_Construct respectively.

2008/5/ Evolution_Information_Model package (2 of 2) Note:  To avoid unnecessary complexity of evolution management, neither folk-type evolutions nor versions merging are supported. So, the cardinality constraints of both “previousVersion” and “newVersion” are exactly one.  Evolution_Information is not a subclass of Administered Item because all the administrative information can be gained from “newVersion” ver.1 ver.2ver.3 ver.4ver.5 fork-type evolution ver.1 ver.2 ver.3 versions merging

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8 Basic_Model package Basic_Model package mainly has three extensions compared to Ed1. 1.New mataclasses “Unregistered_Ontology_Whole” and “Unregistered_Ontology_Atomic_Construct” are introduced to enable an ontology registered to import ontologies not registered etc. 2.New mataclass “Authoritative_Extent” is introduced to enable “Local_Ontology_Component” and “Local_Ontology_Atomic_Construct” to be resused. 3.Uses IRIs, rather than URIs.

2008/5/ “Unregistered_Ontology_Whole” (1 of 3) In the case that an ontology registered in MFI Ontology registration registry “import” an ontology not registered in MFI Ontology registration registry, Ed1 has a problem since Ed1 does not support “import” directly. To resolve this problem, Ed2 introduces a new metaclass “Unregistered_Ontology_Whole”. An “Unregistered_Ontology_Whole” designates an ontology that is not registered in MFI Ontology registration registry and that is “imported” by an ontology that is registered in MFI Ontology registration registry.

2008/5/ “Unregistered_Ontology_Whole” (2 of 3) Ed1 does not support ontology inclusion such as “owl:import”. So, in the case of Ed1 simply registers ontology A as follows, expanding “import”. 10 A C-A1 C-A2 A-A1A-A2 A-A3 B C-B1 C-B2 A-B1 A-B2 imports ontology sentence symbol Ontology_Whole Ontology_Component Ontology_Atomic_Construct A C-A1 C-A2 A-A1 A-A2 A-A3 C-B1C-B2 A-B1A-B2

2008/5/ “Unregistered_Ontology_Whole” (3 of 3) But, Ed1 has a problem in the case that ontology B is not registered because in that case ontology A cannot expand ontology B. So, if ontlogy B is not registered, Ed2 will simply register ontology A as it is as follows, Note: Since ontology B is not registered, the information on the ontology component and ontology atomic construct of ontology B cannot be gained, but a part of the information on the ontology whole of ontology B can be gained from ontology A. Ontology_Whole Ontology_Component Ontology_Atomic_Construct A C-A1 C-A2 A-A1A-A2 A-A3 B imports Registered_Ontology_Whole Unregistered_Ontology_Whole

2008/5/ “Unregistered_Ontology_Atomic_Construct” In the case that an ontology registered in MFI Ontology registration registry uses some non-logical symbol that is defined in an ontology not registered in MFI Ontology registration registry, Ed1 cannot distinguish this non-logical symbol from the one defined in this ontology registered. To resolve this problem, Ed2 introduces a new metaclass “Unregistered_Ontology_Atomic_Construct”. An “Unregistered_Atomic_Construct” designates a non- logical symbol that is not defined in an ontology registered in MFI Ontology registration registry but that is used by an ontology that is registered in MFI Ontology registration registry.

2008/5/ No “Unregsitred_Ontology_Component” A metaclass “Unregsitred_Ontology_Component” is not introduced even in Ed2 since no language can refer an sentence in other ontology.

2008/5/ “Authoritative_Extent” (1 of 3) In addition to “Reference_Ontology_Component” and “Reference_Ontology_Atomic_Construct”, relatively stable “Local_Ontology_Component” and “Local_Ontology_Atomic_Construct” should be able to be reused by other “Local_Ontology_Whole” and “Local_Ontology_Component”. To enable it, ED2 introduces a new metaclass “Authoritative_Extent”, which represents authoritative extent as a partial order.

2008/5/ “Authoritative_Extent” (2 of 3) A Ontology_Whole with “authoritative_Extent” Lm can consists of (reuse) other Local_Ontology_Component with “authoritative_Extent” Ln iff Lm  Ln. reference L1 L2 L5 L4 L3 unregistered For Reference_Ontology_Whole, Reference_Ontology_Component and Reference_Ontology_Atomic_Construct For Unregistered_Ontology_Whole and Unregistered_Ontology_Atomic_Construct For Local_Ontology_Whole, Local_Ontology_Component and Local_Ontology_Atomic_Construct

2008/5/ “Authoritative_Extent” (3 of 3) Now, for example, as for Ontology_Component, “Reference_Ontology_Component” is a class of Ontology_Component whose value of “authoritative_Extent” is “reference”. “Local_Ontology_component” is a class of Ontology_Component whose value of “authoritative_Extent” is not either “reference” or “unregistered”.

2008/5/ Uses IRIs, rather than URIs. To support non-European characters, including Hungul, Chinese and Japanese character. IRI : RFC 3987 Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs), IETF Proposed Standard Note: URI is still valid since URI is a subclass of IRI.

2008/5/ Basic_Model package (1 of 4) :metaclasses that are directly referred in the main extensions : other modified or newly introduced metaclasses related to the main extensions

2008/5/ Ｎｏｔｅ : Metamodel of Ed1

2008/5/ Thank you! Comments and suggestions are highly appreciated.