COMMUNALISTIC CUSTOMARY LAS DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY & GEOMATICS ENG. FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG and Its Impact to Sustainable Development in Indonesia Rizqi Abdulharis Surveying & Cadastre Research Division Department of Geodesy & Geomatics Eng. Faculty of Earth Sciences & Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung

People & ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG Source: funnyimagecollect.blogspot.com

People & ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG Source: Huffington Post

People & ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG

People & ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG

People & ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG

People & ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG

Social System & ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG

Social System & ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG

Social System & ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG

Land Administration EVOLUTION DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG Source: Wikipedia

Land Administration EVOLUTION DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG Source: Ting & Williamson (1999)

Land Administration EVOLUTION IN INDONESIA DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG Source: indonesiastory79.blogspot.com

Communalistic Customary LAS IN INDONESIA DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG Source: wowshack.com

Land Administration EVOLUTION IN INDONESIA DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG Source: Abdulharis (2014)

Land Administration EVOLUTION IN INDONESIA DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG Source: Hendriatiningsih, Hernandi, Budiartha, Sarah & Abdulharis (2009)

Land Administration EVOLUTION IN INDONESIA DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG Source: Abdulharis (2006)

Communalistic Customary LAS IN INDONESIA DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG Characteristics  Ideology: Communalism  Objective: Provide greatest benefit to the people  Function: Planning tool  Tenure principle: Horizontal separation  Integrated part of social system  Free rider dilemma: punishment from universe

Communalistic Customary LAS IN INDONESIA DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG Characteristics

Communalistic Customary LAS IN INDONESIA DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG Characteristics  Ideology: Communalism  Objective: Provide greatest benefit to the people  Function: Planning tool  Tenure principle: Horizontal separation  Integrated part of social system  Free rider dilemma: punishment from universe

Communalistic Customary LAS IN INDONESIA DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG Ecological Impact Source: Land Use Map of 2006 of National Land Agency

Communalistic Customary LAS IN INDONESIA DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG Ecological Impact Source: Land Use Map of 2006 of National Land Agency

Communalistic Customary LAS IN INDONESIA DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG Social & Economic Impact  Social impacts:  Sustained social system  Equal access to land  Economic impacts:  People directly benefit from sustainable management of natural resources  Access to credit

Pluralism of LAS IN INDONESIA DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG  Status of customary system:  Late 16 th to early 19 th century: customary law for Indonesian affairs  1806 – 1816: customary law for Indonesian affairs + European standard of justice  1816 – 1928: unification of legal system based on Dutch standard  1928 – 1945: legal system pluralism  LAS milestone:  1870: Dutch Agrarian Law for non-Indonesian + customary land administration for Indonesian  1960: Single LAS based on Agrarian Principles Act

Pluralism of LAS IN INDONESIA DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG Single LAS of 1960  Main principles: communalism and horizontal separation  Objective: provide greatest benefit to the people  Separating land use, tenure, and value system:  Land use system: central and local government  Land tenure system: National Land Agency and Ministry of Environmental Affairs and Forestry  Land value system: municipal government

Pluralism of LAS IN INDONESIA DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG Single LAS of 1960

Pluralism of LAS IN INDONESIA DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG Single LAS of 1960  Main principles: communalism and horizontal separation  Objective: provide greatest benefit to the people  Separating land use, tenure, and value system:  Land use system: central and local government  Land tenure system: National Land Agency and Ministry of Environmental Affairs and Forestry  Land value system: municipal government

Adapting CCLAS DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG  Empower indigenous community on CCLAS  Assess necessity of adjustment into communalistic formal into communalistic formal land administration system (CFLAS)  Enhance formal land administration system (FLAS)  Provide large-scale fundamental and thematic data

Adapting CCLAS DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG Empowerment of CCLAS  Codification by government, expert, community, National Land Agency (NLA) and Ministry of Environmental Affairs and Forestry (MEAF)  Local government promulgates regulation on legal status of indigenous community  NLA or MEAF promulgates regulation on legal status of CCLAS  NLA or MEAF delineates indigenous community’s territory on cadastral map

Adapting CCLAS DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG Assessment on CFLAS  Customary land tenure conversion is not an option  FLAS transform communalistic into individualistic community  Through assessment of roles of FLAS on sustainable development  Ecology: carrying capacity of land  Economy: production of land, employment, sectoral diversification, and welfare  Social: access to land, function of land parcel, and social values preservation  Collective action to transform individualistic into communalism via collectivistic

Adapting CCLAS DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG Address comprehensive land management issues  LAS maintained by different institutions  Multipurpose cadastre  Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)  Custodians keep data

Adapting CCLAS DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG Provide large scale map  Thematic map should be developed based on basemap  Land registration decree: 1:1,000 cadastral map

Further STUDY DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG  Study in nomadic, aristocratic, and customary private community  Study in individualistic and collectivistic community  Study in urban areas  Study on incentives for sustainable management of natural resources  Action researches  Re-definition of ideology of FLAS

Rizqi Abdulharis Thank you DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY & GEOMATICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG