The Saigon CTT Semester 1 CHAPTER 5 Le Chi Trung

The Saigon CTT  Content Most common LAN media Making cable - LAB Layer 1 components and devices Collisions and collision domains

The Saigon CTT  Schedule

The Saigon CTT MOST COMMON LAN MEDIA

The Saigon CTT  Shielded twisted-pair (STP)

The Saigon CTT  Shielded twisted-pair (STP) Protection from all types of external interference, include EMI and RFI. Cancellation: twisting of wires. Shielding. More expensive. Maximum cable length 100m. 150Ω for Token ring.

The Saigon CTT  Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP)

The Saigon CTT  Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) Cancellation: twisted wire pairs. More prone to EMI/RFI than any other cable. Least expensive of all media, small diameter of cable, easy to install. Maximum cable length 100m. 100Ω for Ethernet.

The Saigon CTT  Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP)

The Saigon CTT  Screened Twisted-pair (ScTP – FTP)

The Saigon CTT  Screened Twisted-pair (ScTP – FTP) Hybrid of UTP with STP. Maximum cable length 100m. 100Ω for Ethernet.

The Saigon CTT  Coaxial Cable

The Saigon CTT  Coaxial Cable Technology is well known (Cable TV). The shield can help reduce the amount of outside interference. Longer cable runs than UTP & STP. Maximum cable length : –Thin cable : 185 m. –Thick cable : 500 m. 50Ω for Ethernet.

The Saigon CTT  Coaxial Cable

The Saigon CTT  Coaxial Cable

The Saigon CTT  Fiber Optic Cable

The Saigon CTT  Fiber Optic Cable Medium capable of light transmissions. Higher data rates (>100Mbps). NO EMI and RFI. Very expensive. Difficult to install. Maximum cable length : –Single Mode : 3000 m. –Multi Mode : 2000 m.

The Saigon CTT  Fiber Optic Cable

The Saigon CTT  Single mode and multi mode Single: Light to travel in a straight line. Multi: Light to travel multiple paths.

The Saigon CTT  Wireless Communication No wires. Challenges : –Distance. –Obstacle. –Bandwidth allocation. –Security.

The Saigon CTT  Electromagnetic Calculator

The Saigon CTT  Movie Fiber Optic

The Saigon CTT  Media specifications ISO: International Standards Organization. IEEE:Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers. UL:Underwriters Laboratories. EIA:Electronic Industries Alliance. TIA:Telecommunications Industry Association.

The Saigon CTT  Standard Standards are sets of rules or procedures that are either widely used, or officially specified. The OSI model standards ensured compatibility and interoperability between the various types of network technologies that were produced by the many companies around the world.

The Saigon CTT  Cable and wiring cable standard

The Saigon CTT  TIA/EIA-568-A: Standard Telecommunications cabling standard: Horizontal cabling. Telecommunications closets. Backbone cabling. Equipment rooms. Work areas. Entrance facilities.

The Saigon CTT  TIA/EIA-568-A: Terminologies We will focus on standards for data horizontal cabling.

The Saigon CTT  TIA/EIA-568-A: Twisted-pair cables Category 1 is used for telephone and is not suitable for transmitting data. Category 2 is capable of transmitting data at speeds up to 4 Mbps. Category 3 is used in Ethernet, and can transmit data at speeds up to 10 Mbps. Category 4 is used in Token Ring, and can transmit data at speeds up to 16 Mbps. Category 5 can transmit data at speeds up to 100 Mbps.

The Saigon CTT  TIA/EIA-568-A: Horizontal cabling Two cables at each work area: Voice: –Unshielded twisted-pair, UTP cable. Data: –Shielded twisted-pair, STP cable. –Unshielded twisted-pair, UTP cable. –Filer-optic cable. –Coaxial cable.

The Saigon CTT  TIA/EIA-568-A: Purpose To specify a generic telecommunications cabling system. To provide direction for the design of telecommunications equipment and cabling products. To enable the planning and installation of the structured cable system, that is capable of supporting diverse telecom. To establish technical criteria for various types of cable and connecting hardware.

The Saigon CTT  Review Types of networking media may be used to connect computers. TIA/EIA-568-A is the most widely used standards.

The Saigon CTT MAKING CABLE - LAB

The Saigon CTT  Making cables Making Ethernet 10Base-T cables: –Straight-thru cable: PC-to-HUB. –Crossover cable: PC-to-PC. Making console cables: –Rollover cable: Serial port-to-console port of Cisco equipments.

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: NIC network port 1: Transmit 2: Transmit 3: Receive 4: Not used 5: Not used 6: Receive 7: Not used 8: Not used

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: HUB network port 1: Receive 2: Receive 3: Transmit 4: Not used 5: Not used 6: Transmit 7: Not used 8: Not used

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: T568-B 1: White Orange 2: Orange 3: White Green 4: Blue 5: White Blue 6: Green 7: White Brown 8: Brown

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: T568-A 1: White Green 2: Green 3: White Orange 4: Blue 5: White Blue 6: Orange 7: White Brown 8: Brown

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: Straight-thru cable 1: White Orange 2: Orange 3: White Green 4: Blue 5: White Blue 6: Green 7: White Brown 8: Brown 1: White Orange 2: Orange 3: White Green 4: Blue 5: White Blue 6: Green 7: White Brown 8: Brown PCHUB

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: Crossover cable 1: White Green 2: Green 3: White Orange 4: Blue 5: White Blue 6: Orange 7: White Brown 8: Brown 1: White Orange 2: Orange 3: White Green 4: Blue 5: White Blue 6: Green 7: White Brown 8: Brown PC

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: Cut a length of cable

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: Strip off the jacket

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: Separate the wires

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: Untwist the wires

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: Organize and flatten wires

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: Clip the wires

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: Insert wires into RJ-45 plug

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: Push the wires in

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: Inspect the color code

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: Crimp down the wires

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: Inspect both ends

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: Test the quality of cable

The Saigon CTT  Preparation for LAB 5.3.2: Straight-through cable : Crossover cable : Cable tester – wire map. Lab companion: – – –5.3.5.

The Saigon CTT  Review Making 10Base-T straight-thru cable. Making 10Base-T crossover cable.

The Saigon CTT LAYER 1 COMPONENTS AND DEVICES

The Saigon CTT  Ethernet, a LAN technology 10Base-2: 50Ω Thin cable, 185m. 10Base-5: 50Ω Thick cable, 500m. 10Base-T: 100Ω UTP cable, 100m. 10Base-F: Fiber optic cable, 1000m. 100Base-TX: 100Ω UTP/STP cable, 100m. 100Base-T4: 100Ω UTP (4p) cable, 100m. 100Base-FX: Fiber optic cable, 400m. 1000Base-T:100Ω UTP/STP cable, 100m.

The Saigon CTT  Ethernet 10Base-T The Ethernet 10Base-T technologies carry Ethernet frames on twisted-pair wirings. The Ethernet 10Base-T cables are terminated with RJ-45 connectors. The Ethernet 10Base-T technologies use HUB as concentrator.

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: Layer 1 components Passive components: –Cables –Patch panels –Plugs –Jacks Active components: –Transceivers –Repeaters –Hubs

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: CAT5 cables The 10Base-T standard cable. UTP cable. The twisting of wires limits interference. Maximum length 100m.

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: CAT5 cables

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: RJ-45 plugs Connector, Terminator. Standard 10Base-T terminator is the RJ- 45 plugs (Registered Jack 45). Similar to phone plug except the RJ-45 has 8 pins instead of 4 pins. Reduces noise, reflection & mechanical stability problems.

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: RJ-45 plugs

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: RJ-45 jacks RJ-45 Jacks have 8 conductors that match the RJ-45 plugs. On the other side of the RJ-45 jack is a punch down block where wires are separated out.

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: RJ-45 jacks

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: RJ-45 jacks

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: Patch panels Patch panels are used to group a work area’s connections. One side has a place for each RJ-45 plug. The back side has punch down blocks that provide connectivity. Rack mounted.

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: Patch panels

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: Patch panels

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: Transceiver Transceiver is an short for transmitter and receiver. Transceivers are media converters: –RJ-45 – AUI. –RJ-45 – BNC. –RJ-45 – Optical.

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: Transceiver

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: Repeater Regenerates signals: –Enables cables to extend farther to reach longer distances. –Increase number of nodes that can be connected to a network. Cannot filter traffic.

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: Hub Multi port repeater. Allows many devices to be inter- connected. Center of a star topology network. Cannot filter traffic.

The Saigon CTT  10Base-T: Hub

The Saigon CTT  Review All of layer 1 devices: –Create or act on the bits. –Recognize no frame, no address, no data. Many network problems are traceable to bad RJ-45 terminations, jacks, punch- downs, repeaters, hubs, or transceivers.

The Saigon CTT COLLISIONS AND COLLISION DOMAINS

The Saigon CTT  Types of Networks Shared media environment

The Saigon CTT  Types of Networks Packet switching vs. Circuit switching

The Saigon CTT  Collisions More than one node attempts to transmit at the same time. Collisions occur in broadcast topology: –Ethernet LAN technology.

The Saigon CTT  Collisions A collision happens when two bit are on a point of media at the same time.

The Saigon CTT  Ethernet technology: Collision Detect Allow only one data packet to access the cable at any one time.

The Saigon CTT  Collisions domain Collision Domains are the area where collisions occur. Layer 1 devices will not solve collision problems. Layer 1 devices simply extend collision domains.

The Saigon CTT  Collisions domain: Share access Limits the number of computers

The Saigon CTT  Collisions domain: Repeater Propagate collisions

The Saigon CTT  Collisions domain: HUB Propagate collisions

The Saigon CTT  Collisions domain All of layer 1 interconnections are part of the collision domain. Extending a network with a repeater or a hub, results in a larger collision domain.

The Saigon CTT  4 repeater rule Ethernet technology. No more than 4 repeaters or hubs can be between any two computers on collision domain. Maximum round trip time: –Max RTT = 512 bit time = 51.2  s. Max RTT = wait for next transmission.

The Saigon CTT  4 repeater rule Rule

The Saigon CTT  rule 5 sections of the network. 4 repeaters or hubs. 3 sections of the network are "mixing" sections (with hosts). 2 sections are link sections (for link purposes). 1 large collision domain.

The Saigon CTT  Collision Domain Segmentation Layer 1 devices will not segment a collision domain. Why? Segmentation is the process of dividing a collision domain into two or more collision domains. The only way to segment a collision domain is to use a device that can filter network traffic. What devices are capable of filtering?

The Saigon CTT  Segmenting Collision Domain

The Saigon CTT  Packet Flow: Layer 2 Device

The Saigon CTT  Packet Flow: Layer 3 Device

The Saigon CTT  Segmenting Collision Domain

The Saigon CTT  Teaching Topology

The Saigon CTT  Basic Topologies

The Saigon CTT  Topologies Mathematical perspective –Map of node and links Physical perspective –Plan for wiring the physical devices Logical perspective –How information flows through a network Homework

The Saigon CTT  Review Collision. Collision domain. How to separate collision domain.