Christopher Boise Eric Cawley Gideon Oladunjoye Jose Paredes Matthew Cross Megan Guarnieri-Cleary Team

 3D Model  Dead Volume Calculations  BOM  Humidification  Particle Sedimentation  ISO Pressure Requirements  Pressure Drop Across Components  Side Stream Block Diagram  Check Valve review  Lighting Mechanism  Procedure/Test Plan  Feedback Loop  Main Pump Specs  Side Stream Pump Specs  LabVIEW Overview  Electrical System  Electrical Flow Detail  Wiring Diagram  Week 12 Visions Team

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 Humidifier-  Old Volume cm 3  New Volume cm 3  Changed number of inlet holes & position  16X Smaller In Volume Team

 Collection Chamber-  Old Volume- 1, cm 3  New Volume cm 3  6.5X Smaller In Volume Team

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 Mainstream- 3/8 OD - 1/4 ID, Without Lung Cast  Dead Volume cm 3  Within ISO Standard  This test is how ISO defines its standards  Exclusion of Humidifier, collection chamber, Lung Cast Team

 Mainstream- 1/2 OD – 3/8 ID, Without Lung Cast  Dead Volume cm 3  Over ISO Standard  This test is how ISO defines its standards  Exclusion of Humidifier, collection chamber, Lung Cast  Small change in tubing size will effect dead volume Team

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 Total Cost to P $  Team is still within the $1, budget! Team

 Additional Benchmarking:  CH Technologies  Human Puff Profile Smoking Machine  No Mainstream Humidification  Cerulean  No Mainstream Humidification  Humidify Inhaled Air to ISO Standards Team

 Implications of Humidification  Particle growth due to moist air  Growth affects placement of particle on the lung cast  Lung Cast Collection  Rinsed with Methanol  Particle placement disrupted in collection Team

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 Assumptions  Incompressible flow  Sea level with standard atmosphere  Continuous fluid  Particles are modeled as spheres  Constant and uniform velocity  Particles start at the top of the tubing  2-dimensional analysis  Ideal flow  Constant properties  3/8” Tubing Team

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 Reviewing particle size deposition results  Range of particle diameters  Two sizes chosen  Worst case scenario : 10μm  When measurable deposition begins : 4μm Team

 Results Summary  ISO Standards : 2 s in between puffs  Tubing Design : 18 in of horizontal tubing Settling TimeSettling Length 10 μ m1.9 s14.9 in 4 μ m s94.09 in Team

 Conclusion  10 μm particles would have a chance to settle  4 μm particles would not have a chance to settle  Negligible deposition of particles larger than 3.2 μm  Most deposition occurs in particles ranging from 1μm to 0.18 μm  Negligible particle loss due to sedimentation Team

 System flow resistance should be minimized  Pressure drop of flow path shall not exceed 300 Pa at a test flow rate of 17.5 mL/s.  Dirty filter system should not exceed a pressure drop of more than 250 Pa across Team

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Pressure Drop Across: Flow Rate (SLPM) 17.5 ml/s = 1.05L/min)Pressure Drop (Pa) (6 SLPM Δ P)/ (3 SLPM Δ P) Pressure Drop Standard Deviation (Pa) Cambridge Filter Dirty Cambridge Filter* Protection Filter Dirty Protection Filter** Large Impinger Large Impinger - Dirty Cambridge Filter - Clean Protection Filter Small Impinger - Dirty Cambridge Filter - Clean Protection Filter Small Impinger Team

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 The check valve with the lowest cracking pressure was found to be.17 psi = 1,172 Pa.  Component pressure drop ranges:  400 – 4,000 Pa.  Assessment:  Simple check valve system will cause complications Team

 Solenoid valve.  Valve only needs to fully open and fully close.  They are “free” Team

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1.Visually inspect system. a.Check for excessive ash or tarring. b.Check that all connections are secure. 2.Manually load system. a.Add cigarette. b.Add filters. 3.Close door activating door sensor. 4.Power on. 5.System check program. a.Check if door is closed. b.Check that valves are in correct positions. c.Check that fishtail chimney is in raised position via switch. d.Check that both mainstream and sidestream pumps are operational. e.Labview checks that nominal flow rates and pressures are achieved before ignition. 6.Record atmosphere conditions. a.Temperature (~22º C). b.Relative humidity (60 ± 5%). c.Atmospheric pressure (~100 kPa). 7.Warm up ignition coil. (~10 seconds) 8.Power on sidestream flow (3 SLPM) Team

9.Ignite cigarette via electric coil. a.Move in. b.Begin first puff. c.Stop via set distance (cigarette tip 1 cm from coil) i.Input length of cigarette in LabVIEW program. ii.Slidable switch d.If no response from switch stop program after a determined time. i.Coil will only be able to smash cigarette in worst case. e.Move away after determined time. f.Turn off ignition coil. 10.Lower fishtail chimney to 6mm above horizontal plate. a.Switch activated at bottom. 11.Puffing continues while LabVIEW corrects flow rates via feedback loops from pressure/flow sensors. 12.End of butt infrared detector activated. 13.Valve cuts off cigarette and opens flow to clean air. 14.Clear dead volume with clean air. 15.Termination of mainstream and sidestream pumps. 16.Raise fishtail chimney. a.Raising activates switch at top. 17.Indicate that system is clear and environment can be opened. 18.Retrieve cigarette butt and filters Team

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1.Clean air enters testing atmosphere via negative pressure from ventilation. 2.Clean air is drawn to fishtail chimney via negative pressure from sidestream flow (3 SLPM) a.Air is drawn into tip of cigarette via mainstream negative pressure. i.Oxygen in air is burned for fuel in cigarette. ii.Air picks up various vapors are smoke particles. (Higher temperature). iii.Air passes through cigarette butt. (Filters out some larger particles). iv.Air passes through cigarette holder. v.Air passes through one of the mainstream collection systems. 1.Collection filter collecting most of the particles. (Pressure drop and restricted flow). 2.Lung cast particle deposition setup consisting of: a.Through humidification chamber adding moisture. b.Through lung cast. c.Exits through multiple exit points on lung cast into tubes. d.Consolidates with the other flow paths in the collection chamber. vi.Air passes through equipment protection filters. (Pressure drop and restricted flow). vii.Air is drawn into syringe pump. viii.Air is expelled from the syringe pump to exhaust flow path Team

b.Air is continues up fishtail chimney via negative pressure from sidestream flow (3 SLPM) i.Air mixes with sidestream smoke. ii.Air converges into a tube. iii.Air is filtered through main sidestream filter. (Pressure drop and restricted flow). iv.Air passes through impinger to collect leftover particles. (Pressure drop, restricted flow, bubbling flow). v.Air passes through secondary filters to “clean” air and protect equipment. (Pressure drop and restricted flow). vi.Air is drawn into sidestream pump c.Air is expelled to ventilation Team

 Ideal gas law:  P*V = n*R*T  Or:  P = ρ*T*R/M  So:  ρ = P*M/(R*T)  P = Absolute Pressure  V = Volume  R = Gas Constant  T = Temperature  ρ = Density  M = Molar Mass Team

 For steady state conditions:  ṁ 1 = ṁ 2  Q 1 *ρ 1 = Q 2 *ρ 2  Q 1 = Q 2 *ρ 2 /ρ 1  From previous slide:  ρ = P*M/(R*T) CigaretteSystem Pump P2P2 P1P1 T1T1 T2T Team

 Model: OEM 570  9.5 x 4.25 x 3 inch in size  Run by step motor  200 steps per revolution  Motor/drive screw ratio: 60/15  16 revolutions per inch on drive screw Team

 Model: Rocker 300  Oil-free Vacuum pump  Able to maintain 3 L/min flow rate Team

 Multiple past VI’s  Main goal is to combine Main stream and Side stream programs into a single VI  Clean code, organized with notes Team

 Front Panel – Set up tab Team

 Front Panel – Monitoring tab Team

 Old Machine Setup  22 SPST solid state Relays  1 DPDT solid state Relay  High Voltage Power Source Team

 Preliminary Flow Diagram Team

 Power System Design Team

Signal Flow Diagram Team

Preliminary Wire Diagram Team

 Combining Main Stream and Side Stream Function  Lighting Specifics  Re-design ignition coil holder  Wiring  Fishtail Chimney Design  Flow feedback loop  Ventilation  3D model updates  Wiring diagram updates  Detailed Bill of Materials  Find Rubbermaid cart in ME Department Team

 3D Model  Dead Volume Calculations  BOM  Humidification  Particle Sedimentation  ISO Pressure Requirements  Pressure Drop Across Components  Side Stream Block Diagram  Check Valve review  Lighting Mechanism  Procedure/Test Plan  Feedback Loop  Main Pump Specs  Side Stream Pump Specs  LabVIEW Overview  Electrical System  Electrical Flow Detail  Wiring Diagram  Week 12 Visions Team

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