GRAMATIKA ENGLESKOG JEZIKA 2

EXERCIESES and some teeny- weeny bits of THEORY Why theory? Because the lecture was a week ago.

PRACTICE CLASS #

 FUNCTION (syntactic function – their function in the sentence)  PARADIGM – adjectives can be compared syntactic functions of adjectives DEPENDENTINDEPENDENT DEPENDENT FUNCTION = ATTRIBUTIVE FUNCTION Adjective Phrase is a PART OF ANOTHER PHRASE, i.e. a part of the NP, its function is to modify the meaning of the HEAD NOUN. Typically, an attributive adjective follows the determiner and precedes the noun: NP[a AP[very beautiful] painting] or NP[an AP[expensive] gift] However, in some cases the adjective follows the HEAD NOUN: NP[somebody AP[important]] or NP[secretary AP[general]] DEPENDENT FUNCTION = ATTRIBUTIVE FUNCTION Adjective Phrase is a PART OF ANOTHER PHRASE, i.e. a part of the NP, its function is to modify the meaning of the HEAD NOUN. Typically, an attributive adjective follows the determiner and precedes the noun: NP[a AP[very beautiful] painting] or NP[an AP[expensive] gift] However, in some cases the adjective follows the HEAD NOUN: NP[somebody AP[important]] or NP[secretary AP[general]] INDEPENDENT FUNCTION = PREDICATIVE FUNCTION Adjective Phrase has an INDEPENDENT FUNCTION IN THE SENTENCE, i.e. it functions as s SENTENCE ELEMENT. Cs – subject complement: That painting is AP[very beautiful]. Co – object complement: He made his parents AP[proud]. The policeman kicked the door AP[open]. INDEPENDENT FUNCTION = PREDICATIVE FUNCTION Adjective Phrase has an INDEPENDENT FUNCTION IN THE SENTENCE, i.e. it functions as s SENTENCE ELEMENT. Cs – subject complement: That painting is AP[very beautiful]. Co – object complement: He made his parents AP[proud]. The policeman kicked the door AP[open]. An ADJECTIVE PHRASE is a phrase that has an ADJECTIVE as its HEAD.

 ADJECTIVE PHRASE is a phrase which has an adjective as its head, but it need not only contain the head.  TWO TYPES of complex adjective phrases: ◦ APs with PREMODIFICATION: AP=Adj e.g. intelligent AP=Adv+Adje.g. very intelligent AP=Adj+Adve.g. intelligent enough, intelligent enough ◦ APs with COMPLEMENTATION: AP=Adj+PPe.g. intelligent beyond your expectations AP=Adj+Cl non-fin e.g. intelligent enough to quit that job AP=Adj+Cl fin e.g. certain that he will succeed

ADV HEAD HEAD ADV Clause – non-finite HEAD + Clause – non-finite = discontinuous AP [ ][ ]

NO APs IN d) !!! Yippee!!! HEAD NO APs IN e) either!!! Yippee-ki-yay!!!

ADV HEAD PP HEAD PP

HEAD ADV HEAD Clause-NF

ADV HEAD PP PP HEAD Clause – non-finite [ ][ ] ADV HEAD Clause - finite

HEAD ADV Clause – non-finite [ ][ ] ADV HEAD

predicative: Cs – subject complement predicative: Co – object complement attributive function – modifies SOMETHING attributive function

predicative: Cs – subject complement attributive function predicative: Co – object complement attributive function

TO ABOUT OF WITH ON/UPON WITH TO OF ABOUT AT / BY FROM

I am certain that there will be no more wars. We are not sure yet if / whether / that we will be able to come to the party. It is essential that you have complete trust in us. We are delighted that you have received us so magnificently.

 PREMODIFYING POSITION = typical position of attributive adjectives in NPs  MANY ADJECTIVES CAN CO-OCCUR IN THIS POSITION THE ORDER OF ADJECTIVES IN THE PRMODIFYING POSITION IS FIXED. WHAT IS THEIR RELATIVE ORDER? PREMODIFYING ADJECTIVESsubjective measureobjective measuregeneralsizeshapeagecolorparticipleoriginmaterialmodifying noun Beautiful/interesting large round old red French wooden coffee table

a lovely red Japanese fountain-pen a cheap flat black leather wallet a small blue German hair-drier a round white Italian china table-lamp an awful Egyptian copper coffee-set a peaceful little Belgian city funny red nylon swimming-trunks old red embroidered leather slippers

a responsible girl / the person responsible …the students present…/ …those absent…. her late husband / …wasn’t conscious… / conscious effort …all the people involved…/ involved inquiry

Is this an easy camera to use? His was too strong an argument to be expressed in public. It is big enough a house for two families to live in. I need as big a table as possible.

Actually, to be continued…