understanding, measuring, managing Changes within the Architectural Profession Hannu Penttilä HUT architecture  The Effects of ICT on Architectural Practice  Roadmap & Future Directions for Modern Architectural Discipline

understanding, measuring, managing Changes within the Architectural Profession  The Effects of ICT on Architectural Practice  are the research questions relevant ?  is the target achievable ?  is the focus well defined ?  are scientific methods proper ?

understanding, measuring, managing Changes within the Architectural Profession framework of the changes validation analysis conclusions interviews case studies 1. publish theorymethods 2. publish cases 3. publish changeframework 4. publish validationconclusions methods theory literature

introduction Research context Participant [process oriented] view to AEC-field essential co-players within contemporary construction communication environment

introduction Research context Internal communication environment Discipline internal needs how to manage architectural information how to manage design changes how to maintain design freedom & richness

Construction process and participant needs what are the [data, communication] needs related to architects how to supply proper architectural data in correct form introduction External communication environment

Architectural Profession in Change Literature Review 1...3/2006 architectural design creativity design theory design education design representation design methods user requirements collaborative design virtual design studios VDS architectural practice social context design management task lists agreements communication, co-operation organizational sciences communication collaboration leading changes impact analysis organization strategy organization change design management AEC-field ICT project management classification building codes product modelling, BIM activity modelling automated manufacturing, CNC digitalization, ICT tools & interfaces document management databases data exchange standards, DWG, IFC data integration data modelling technology assessment IT-strategies architectural ICT CAD, CAAD 2D, 3D, 4D 3D-modelling visualization, VR, AR knowledge management economical aspect costs, expenses, value.. futures studies assessment future paths & threats methods

Architectural Profession in Change Literature Review 1...3/2006 architectural design creativity design theory design education design representation design methods user requirements collaborative design virtual design studios VDS architectural practice social context design management task lists agreements communication, co-operation organizational sciences communication collaboration leading changes impact analysis organization strategy organization change design management AEC-field ICT project management classification building codes product modelling, BIM activity modelling automated manufacturing, CNC digitalization, ICT tools & interfaces document management databases data exchange standards, DWG, IFC data integration data modelling technology assessment IT-strategies architectural ICT CAD, CAAD 2D, 3D, 4D 3D-modelling visualization, VR, AR knowledge management economical aspect costs, expenses, value.. futures studies assessment future paths & threats methods

intro Volume & Trend Studies architect as a master designer western modernism post-modernpluralism profession guilds modern organizations, teams functionalism globalization digitalization art nouveau communication neo-classicism rural society urban, industrial society post-industrial information society 2D CAD 3D, visualization data, BIM document mgmt virtualorganizations number of architects number of students project volume AEC-field’s share of economy relative salaries

Architectural Profession in Change Case Studies & Delphi-interviews D CAD oilcrisis Finnisheconomicalcrisis 3D CAD IlastmastersofmodernismIIlastdays of trad. drawingIIIearlyCAD2Ddrawing post-warreconst-ruction urbangrowth web & communication IVpervasiveintegratedcollaborativedesign Finnish architect taxa removed

Hypothetical Relative use of time & resources economy organizing & management authorities ”architectural design” ”drawing” working with design content producing design proposals co-operationcommunication CADICT teamwork 100 % 0 %

building theory on practice defining the essential steps in research Focusing & planning the work building theory on practice defining the essential steps in research  observed problem[s]  theoretical limitations [point of departure]  [measurable & testable] research questions  research tasks  research results  [intellectual] contributions to knowledge  practical significance Schema by Martin Fischer / Stanford CIFE

Focusing & planning the work  observed problem[s]  architectural working environment has changed  architects role[s] in construction process have changed  theoretical limitations [point of departure]  focus on architects’ working environment  exclude wide AEC-field cover  exclude design content

 [measurable & testable] research questions  what is the contemporary architectural working environment like  find ICT-based changes  research tasks  literature & case studies  delphi-questionnaires [professional & expert reviews]  describe & measure changes  research results  portrait of contemporary architectural profession  description of new & changed activities Focusing & planning the work

 [intellectual] contributions to knowledge  modern design practice overview  described change pattern (based on cases, interviews & barometers)  practical significance  adjusting architects’ activities & work to contemporary process requirements  applicable research results  observed problem[s]  architectural working environment has changed  architects role has changed

Focusing the research Changes within the Architectural Profession The Effects of ICT on Architectural Practice  includeexclude & limit  architectAEC-field  building design urban planning  design process actionsdesign theory  practice environment[s]hypothetical politics  change description wishes, hopes, aspirations  true proved factsloose expectations

Focusing problem Changes within the Architectural Profession The Effects of ICT on Architectural Practice  [the whole AEC-discipline as a] research topic is too wide  too many new fields to be covered  change management  organizational sciences, design management  economy etc...  not just ICT but also several other [important] contexts  professional political interests  low result expectations

Changing Architectural Profession Research Objectives  to form a theoretical framework for ICT-based changes  to test the framework  to make the research results applicable in practice

the nature of changes  change  evolution.. process..  [intended] action Aristotles  change of what ?  new things appeared  some things disappeared  some things are different  managing the change [proactively]  not just following the change [react]  change effects  viewer dependable  reflect other changed disciplines