1 Credits Prepared by: Rajendra P. Srivastava Ernst & Young Professor University of Kansas Sponsored by: Ernst & Young, LLP (August 2005) XBRL Module Part 3: XBRL Framework

2 Outline XBRL Framework – XBRL Taxonomies  XBRL Linkbases (Label, Reference, Presentation, Calculation, and Definition) – Instance Document USFR XBRL Taxonomy Structure Anatomy of an XBRL Taxonomy - XBRL Schema – Attributes and Linkbases Anatomy of an XBRL Instance Document Anatomy of XBRL - Extending a taxonomy Anatomy of XBRL - Consuming an XBRL Instance Document Snippets of Instance Document and Linkbases

3 Anatomy of an XBRL Taxonomy XBRL Framework Footnote Calculation Definition Presentation Footnote Label Reference Schema.xsd Linkbases.xml

4 Anatomy of an XBRL Taxonomy-Schema According to XBRL 2.1 Specification released by XBRL International: “A taxonomy is defined as an XML Schema and the set of directly referenced extended links and any extended links that are nested within the XML Schema.” In other words: A Taxonomy is made up of a group of interrelated XML files: XML Schema File (.xds file) and Linkbase Files (.xml files) XML Schema The XBRL taxonomy schema file defines the actual concepts (elements) that form the basis of a taxonomy. It stores their names, data types, period type, how they can be utilized, etc. The properties of schema elements are defined in the XBRL 2.1 Specification.

5 An XBRL linkbase file contains the explicit relationship definitions between the concepts defined in the XBRL schema. In general there are six linkbase types defined by the XBRL version 2.1 specification: 1.The label linkbase allows the user to attach labels with different roles and languages to a given concept. 2.The reference linkbase allows the user to attach external information (authoritative sources) to concepts. 3.The presentation linkbase defines how concepts are nested and ordered. 4.The calculation linkbase defines how values of concepts should, for example, sum up from one to another. 5.The definition linkbase allows the user to define additional semantics and relationships. 6.The footnote linkbase allows the user to relate a footnote description to a concept Anatomy of an XBRL Taxonomy - Linkbase Files

6 Naming Taxonomy Element XBRL naming conventions follow XML convention. – Names must start with a letter or a underscore “_”. – Names can contain any combination of letters, numbers, underscores “_”, dashes “-”, or periods “.” – Names must not contain any other characters. – Names must not start with letters xml (or XML or Xml..). – Names cannot contain spaces. – Names (tags) are case sensitive. Each name within a taxonomy must be unique and must start with an alpha character or the underscore character. Element names should not be interpreted as containing a "hierarchical" structure Taxonomy structure is expressed in the XBRL linkbases

7 US Financial Reporting Taxonomy Structure Commercial & Industrial (us-gaap-ci) Primary Terms Relationships (usfr-ptr) Management Report (usfr-mr) Accountants Report (usfr-ar) SEC Certification (usfr-seccert) Financial Service Terms Relationships (usfr-fstr) Banking and Savings Institutions (us-gaap-basi) Insurance Entities (us-gaap-ins) Investment Management (us-gaap-im) Company Extension Instance Document MD&A (usfr-mda) Primary Terms Elements (usfr-pte) Financial Service Terms Elements (usfr-fste) Investment Management Elements (usfr-ime)

8 Anatomy of an XBRL Taxonomy - XBRL Schema Element, Attributes, and Linkbase Examples There are several basic attributes of an XBRL element that provide the detail about them. In the example below, “CashCashEquivalents” has a unique element name which also identifies its source taxonomy, a data type (monetary), balance type (debit), and a period type (instant) which defines how it is reported at a given instant or duration. Attribute Example Usfr-pte:CashCashEquivalents Monetary/String, etc. Debit/Credit Instant/Duration XBRL Name Data Type Balance Type Period Type Basic Element Attributes

9 In addition to the basic attributes, each element has a set of defined relationships with the taxonomy linkbases. In the example below, “CashCashEquivalents” has a human readable label, a reference to authoritative literature (SEC), a presentation hierarchy and a calculation summation. Anatomy of an XBRL Taxonomy - XBRL Schema Element, Attributes, and Linkbase Examples Name : SEC Regulation S-X Rule Number : 7 Chapter : 3 Paragraph : 2 Relationships ToOther Elements & Information (Linkbases) Calculation Presentation Reference Total Current Assets = Cash and Cash Equivalents + Accounts Receivable Trade, Net + Inventories, Net + … Cash and Cash Equivalent Accounts Receivable Trade, Net Inventories, Net Total Current Assets Label e.g., “Cash and Cash Equivalents” Linkbase Example

10 Anatomy of an XBRL Instance Document Tagged Value: The main function of the instance document is to store financial data tagged with elements from a referenced taxonomy (containing element definitions and Meta data) for reporting. Instance Component Tagged Value Cash and cash Equivalents : US$ 575,000,000 (1) Example XBRL Name, i.e., Tag XBRL Name, i.e., Tag Usfr-pte:CashCashEquivalents Unit: An instance document contains a unit for each type of measured data tagged. Currencies and shares are the most common examples of Units of measure in Financial Reporting. ID USD Measure $, Shares etc. UNIT Example Attribute

11 Anatomy of an XBRL Instance Document Contexts: Every piece of financial data in an instance document must be associated with a context. A context provides additional meta data, particularly the period it is reported in. In addition, each context can also provide Segment (Ex. Business Unit or Revenue Center) and Scenario (Additional information Ex. Restated, Unaudited, etc.) information. Precision or Decimal are used on numeric values. In this example, a Precision of 9 is given. This means that the first 9 digits, counting from the left, starting at the first non-zero digit of the value are known to be trustworthy for the purposes of computations to be performed using that numeric fact. A Decimal of 2 would indicate that the value of the numeric fact is known to be correct to 2 decimal places. Contexts Scenario Segment Period Audited, Pro-forma, Restated Financial Printing, Outsourcing etc. Instant: As of Attribute Example Precision Or Decimal: Precision Or Decimal: Precision = 9, Decimal = 2 Example

12 Anatomy of an XBRL Instance Document: Footnotes Footnote Link: Footnote Links allow for the creation of structured text annotations between facts. Footnote Link: Example (1) Cash and Cash Equivalents-All highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at date of purchase are carried at cost plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value, and are considered to be cash equivalents. All other investments not considered to be cash equivalents are separately categorized as investments.

13 Anatomy of XBRL - Extending a taxonomy One of the most powerful and versatile aspects of XBRL is taxonomy extensibility. This allows a taxonomy to reference other taxonomies and define its own set of relationships and information (presentation, calculation, labels, etc.) around those taxonomies, in addition to adding new unique elements in the extension schema itself.

14 Anatomy of XBRL - Consuming an XBRL Instance Document 1.Using XBRL enabled software a user accesses an entity’s Instance Document through the internet. 2.The Instance Document references the entity’s Extension Taxonomy which contains information and relationships specific to that entity. 3.The entity Extension Taxonomy references a Public Taxonomy and extends it. 4.The Entity Instance Document, Extension Taxonomy and Public Taxonomy reference the XBRL Technical Specification Schema for compliance with the 2.1 specification.

15 Balance Sheet: Taxonomy Element and Instance Data December ASSETSUS$000,000 Current Assets: Cash and Cash Equivalents (1)$634$575 Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $88 and $802,1011,804 Inventories1,5151,374 Total current assets$4,250$3,753 Taxonomy Schema Snippet <element id="usfr-pte_CashCashEquivalents" name="Cash and Cash Equivalent" type="xbrl:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:Item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" /> Instance Document Snippet <usfr-pte:CashCashEquivalents contextRef=“Y-2003" unitRef="U-Monetary“ decimals="0"> Taxonomy Element Instance value Reporting period Unit of Measure

16 Presentation Linkbase Snippet Balance Sheet: Presentation Hierarchy and Linkbase December ASSETSUS$000,000 Current Assets: Cash and Cash Equivalents (1)$634$575 Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $88 and $802,1011,804 Inventories1,5151,374 Total current assets$4,250$3,753 <presentationLink xlink:type="extended“ xlink:role=“ xlink:title=“Statement of Financial Position”> <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href=“ xsd#usfr-pte_TotalCurrentAssets" xlink:label="usfr-pte_TotalCurrentAssets"/> <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href=" 28.xsd#usfr-pte_CashCashEquivalents" xlink:label="usfr-pte_CashCashEquivalents"/> <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href=" 28.xsd#usfr-pte_AccountsReceivableTradeNet“ xlink:label="usfr-pte_AccountsReceivableTradeNet"/> <presentationArc xlink:type="arc“ xlink:arcrole=" xlink:from="usfr-pte_TotalCurrentAssets" xlink:to="usfr-pte_CashCashEquivalents" order="1”/> <presentationArc xlink:type="arc“ xlink:arcrole=" xlink:from="usfr-pte_TotalCurrentAssets" xlink:to="usfr-pte_AccountsRecievabaleTradeNet" order=“2”/> …

17 Balance Sheet: Label Linkbase December ASSETSUS$000,000 Current Assets: Cash and Cash Equivalents (1)$634$575 Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $88 and $802,1011,804 Inventories1,5151,374 Total current assets$4,250$3,753 <label xlink:type="resource” xlink:role=" xlink:label=“usfr-pte_CashCashEquivalents_en” xml:lang="en">Cash and Cash Equivalents <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="usfr-pte xsd#usfr-pte_CashCashEquivalents" xlink:label="usfr-pte_CashCashEquivalents"/> <labelArc xlink:type="arc“ xlink:arcrole=“ xlink:from="usfr-pte_CashCashEquivalents“ xlink:to="usfr-pte_CashCashEquivalents_en“/> Label Link Snippet

18 Statement of Financial Position to XBRL – Calculation Summations December ASSETSUS$000,000 Current Assets: Cash and Cash Equivalents (1)$634$575 Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $88 and $802,1011,804 Inventories1,5151,374 Total current assets$4,250$3,753 Calculation Linkbase Snippet <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="usfr-pte xsd#usfr-pte_TotalCurrentAssets" xlink:label="usfr-pte_TotalCurrentAssets"/> <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="usfr-pte xsd#usfr-pte_CashCashEquivalents" xlink:label="usfr-pte_CashCashEquivalents"/> <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole=“ item” xlink:from="usfr-pte_TotalCurrentAssets" xlink:to="usfr-pte_CashCashEquivalents" order=“1” weight="1“ use=“optional”/>

19 Status and Expected Evolution of XBRL Financial Reporting Taxonomies Architecture 1.0: Recommendation dated ( ( RECOMMENDATION rtf) describes the architecture of financial reporting taxonomies using XBRL and establishes rules and conventions to achieve consistency through: RECOMMENDATION rtf – Representation: Taxonomies should use similar XBRL structures to represent similar relationships among concepts. – Modularity: Taxonomies should have a common approach to grouping taxonomy content at a file level. – Evolution: Taxonomies developed based on the proposed architecture can be extended or revised using similar approaches XBRL specification 2.1 achieves consistency by making numerous improvements: – Interoperability: – Cost of implementation – Clarity Future XBRL specifications

20 References for Taxonomy Package and a Sample Bovee, M., M. Ettredge, R. P. Srivastava, M. Vasarhelyi Does the Year 2000 XBRL Taxonomy Accommodate Current Business Financial Reporting Practice? Journal of Information Systems, Vol. 16, No. 2: SEC (Security and Exchange Commission) Full Disclosure, Regulation FD. Vasal, V. K., and R. P. Srivastava eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) –The Digital Language of Business: An Indian Perspective. Indian Accounting Review, Vol. 6, No. 1 (June) XBRL.Org Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) 2.1 RECOMMENDATION Corrected Errata at XBRL.Org. XBRL GL. RECOMMENDATION rtf