MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Figure 6-50 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Figure 6-51 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Figure 6-52 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis tRNA

Figure 6-53 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) Some tRNA can read more than one codon minimum set of tRNA is 31 (for 61 codons) I... inosine (third base not so squeezed as in double helix) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Figure 6-58 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Figure 6-56 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis (Aminoacyl-AMP) Charging tRNA

Figure 6-61 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) amino (N-) terminus carboxyl (C-) terminus peptide bond MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Figure 6-63 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

16S rRNA secondary structure rRNAs not ribosomal proteins responsible for most of the reactions: 23S rRNA – ribozyme peptidyl transferase MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Figure 6-64 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Prokaryotes nnnnnnAGGAGGUnnnnnnnAUGnnnnnnn UCCUCCA Shine-Delgarno sequence Start FormylMethionin 16S rRNA Shine-Delgarno sequence MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Figure 6-72 (part 2 of 5) Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) Eukaryotes MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis GCCRCCAUGG surrounding sequence important

Figure 6-72 (part 3 of 5) Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Figure 6-66 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Figure 6-67 (part 1 of 7) Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Figure 6-67 (part 6 of 7) Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) TRANSLOCATION

Coupled transcription-translation in bacteria MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Figure 6-76 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) Eukaryotes MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Figure 6-79 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) MANY ANTIBIOTICS WORK BY INHIBITING BACTERIAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Table 6-4 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Exceptions to universal genetic code Endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

PROTEIN STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Figure 3-1 (part 1 of 2) Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Figure 3-2 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) HydrophylicHydrophobic MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary Protein Structure MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Figure 3-4 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Figure 3-5 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Figure 6-82 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Figure 6-86 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis Chaperonins/Chaperons needed for proper folding Hsp … heat shock proteins

Figure 6-87 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Protein glycosylation MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis N-linked glycosylation (in ER) O-linked glycosylation (in golgi) Proper folding Cell-cell adhesion O-linked serine N-linked asparagine

Figure 6-88 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Protein degradation in protesome MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis „ubiquitination“ by ubiqutin ligase

Signal sequence – some proteins have addresses secreted proteins, mitochondrial etc. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

PROTEIN FUNCTIONS IN CELL Structural proteins Cytoskeleton Extracellualr matrix Mechanical proteins actin, myosin Enzymes Binding proteins transport, storage Information processing Proteins receptors, signals MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Table 3-1 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Figure 3-64 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Figure 3-66 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Figure 3-73 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Figure 3-81a Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis

Figure 3-81c Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY – Protein synthesis