THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Ch 37.1 Guide

Breathing:Mechanical intake gas Diaphram muscle expands & contracts the chest cavity

Lung, trachea, bronchi & alveoli

Alveoli: Tiny air sacs Increase Surface area for gas exchange Rich in capillaries Over 700 million !

B. Comparing terms: Breathing: Mechanical intake and exhalation of gases (lungs) Respiration: the exchange of gases by diffusion at the alveoli Cellular Respiration: Use of oxygen by the mitochondria to make ATP energy

Air enters the Mouth And Nasal Passages where it is warmed & filtered

Breathing:Mechanical intake gas Diaphram muscle expands & contracts the chest cavity

The brain stem controls breathing by CO2 concentration

Alveoli air sacs Respiration or Gas exchange at capillaries By the law of diffusion Blue blood low in oxygen coming into the alveoli Red blood high in oxygen leaves the alveoli

Cellular Respiration Breakdown of Food in Mitochondria Plants & Animals Produces ATP Cell energy CO2 gas waste

Tuberculosis: Bacterial infection

Smoker’s Lung with tar deposits

Cancerous Lung

For teacher’s use: This dissection of human lung tissue shows light-colored cancerous tissue in the center of the photograph. At bottom center lies the heart. While normal lung tissue is light pink in color, the tissue surrounding the cancer is black and airless, the result of a tarlike residue left by cigarette smoke. Most lung cancer begins in the cells lining the main air passages, or bronchi. In their cancerous state, these cells lack the cilia that normally catch and eliminate foreign particles inhaled into the lung. Mucous ordinarily cleared by bronchial cilia becomes trapped, blocking air passages. Lung cancer accounts for the largest percentage of cancer deaths in the United States, and cigarette smoking is directly responsible for the majority of these cases. Martin Rotker/Phototake NYC "Cancerous Human Lung," Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 2000. © 1993-1999 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Whales have lungs……