Ch.9.1 Active Biology Unit

Hydra Clips http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=12OmszObAkM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G188PDx73i8

Planarian

Planarian Clips http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w0QzSYQGsnA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0L_mJoG4nts

Earthworm

Earthworm Clips http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bFpblBf1dfE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uO4lkv-jLRs

Hermit Crab

Hermit Crab Clips http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DaU5etPejZA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CMKbJJ04rXg

Frog

Frog Clips http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXqK5QulbJ8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cBkWhkAZ9ds http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=ZUsARF-CBcI&feature=endscreen

Biosphere Biosphere = the area on earth where living organisms can be found. These are the levels of organization: Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biome

Ecosystems Organism = a single member of a species Population = many members of a species living together in one area Community = groups of different species living together in one area

Ecosystems An ecosystem is the community plus all the different physical aspects of the habitat. This includes: Abiotic (nonliving) factors such as rocks, water, weather and soil. Biotic (living) factors, which are all the living organisms like plants, animals and bacteria. Biodiversity describes the number of species found within an ecosystem.

Desert

Organism: California Quail

Population: Several California Quail

Community: Quail, Hare & Coyote

Ecosystem: Biotic + Abiotic Factors

Extinction One last term in natural selection is extinction (when a species disappears permanently). Most extinctions are caused by natural disasters, and/or humans.

Grizzly bear still alive and found in different parts of world. Ursus horribilus California Grizzly Ursus californicus Last one shot in 1922.

Keystone Species

Flow of Energy Autotrophs, or Producers, are organisms who get their energy from non-living sources. Heterotrophs, or Consumers, are organisms who get their energy from other living, or once-living resources.

Flow of Energy Chemosynthesis = a process where an organism uses chemicals to make carbohydrates. Example: CO2, H2O, H2S, O2 → Sugar Compounds

Food Chains & Food Webs Food Chains show a sequence that links species by feeding relationships. Food Webs show complex networks of feeding relationships.

Herbivores only eat plants

Carnivores only eat animals

Omnivores eat plants & animals

Detritivores eat dead organic matter

Scavengers? -Scavengers, such as vultures, are considered detritivores.

Decomposers break down organic matter

Trophic Levels: → Quaternary Consumer → Tertiary Consumer (nourishment or food levels) → Quaternary Consumer → Tertiary Consumer → Secondary Consumer → Primary Consumer → Producer

→ 6 Kilocalories → 60 Kilocalories → 600 Kilocalories Energy Pyramids show transfer of energy in an ecosystem. → 6 Kilocalories → 60 Kilocalories → 600 Kilocalories → 6000 Kilocalories

Changing Population Sizes Rodent plague in South Australia

Changing Ecosystems Succession = the gradual and sequential replacement of populations in an area. Pioneer species = first species to colonize a new habitat. Seral community = communities that come after pioneer species that gradually replace each other. Climax community = community that remain stable as long as there is no disturbance.

Primary Succession = from nothing to life (can take a really long time) www.esb.utexas.edu/.../ ecosystems/ecology.html

Secondary Succession = from disruption back to life (doesn’t take as long) www.esb.utexas.edu/.../ ecosystems/ecology.htm

www.kidscosmos.org/ kid-stuff/kids-volcanoes-s...

http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/MSH/SlideSet/ljt_slideset.html