Classical India, Hinduism, and Buddhism Dr. East, 10/8/2014

Bookwork Add terms in blue to identification logs from pgs. 63 – 65 and Write questions and answers to: – Pg #5 and #6 pg. 65 – Pg #2, #3, #4, #5, #6, #7, #8 *** Write neatly, answer thoroughly. This is for a grade.

Physical Characterstics Physical barriers, such as the Himalayas, the Hindu Kush, and the Indian Ocean, made invasion difficult. Mountain passes in the Hindu Kush provided migration routes into the Indian subcontinent. The Indus R. and Ganges R. were the important rivers in the Indian subcontinent.

Harappan Seals See pg. 48 and 49 in book for more

Indus River Valley civilization Harappan Civilization, 3300 BC – 1300 BC – Good plumbing, excellent city planning, public baths, – Bigger and more cities than Egypt or Mesopotamia, more Urban too – Includes cities of Harappa of Mohenjo-Daro – Very beginnings of Hindu Religion – Language a mystery

Aryans (Indo-Aryans) from 1750 B.C. migration from the North (likely the Caucasus Mts.) changed Indus Valley – Social Caste system, which influenced all social interactions and choices of occupations, became solidified – Aryans unified much of India – Hindu Gods date back to Ancient Harappan times (oldest religion) – Vedic period of Hindu Religion (1600–800 BC) – First Upanishads (teachings on Vedas) written ( BC) – Fulfilling one’s Dharma, one’s role in the caste system, was the way to enlightenment (Moksha) and integration with the world soul (Brahmin) Spread of Hindu Religion all across sub-continent -- Stayed mainly confined to India

Mauryan Empire – Asoka (Ashoka) Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama in a part of India that is in present-day Nepal. – Siddhartha Gautama born sometime between, 563 BC to 483 BC Mauryan Empire – 322 BC to 185 BC Asoka, Ashoka, greatest King of Empire, 304–232 BC Asoka’s missionaries and their writings spread Buddhism from India to China and other parts of Asia. Continued political unification of much of India Contributions: Spread of Buddhism, free hospitals, veterinary clinics, good roads

Gupta Empire Gupta Empire, 320 to 520 CE Golden Age of classical Indian culture Contributions: – Mathematics (concept of zero – medical advances (setting bones) – astronomy (concept of a round earth – new textiles