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Fighting the War Lessons 6-8

ContinentalsBritish About 10,000 How many soldiers?50,000 NoExperience?Yes George Washington Commander?Thomas Gage Limited Supplies and Training Weapons and Training? Well Supplied and Well Trained

British Advantage Professional Soldiers Best Training Experienced Officers Newest Weapons Mercenaries – Hessians Native Americans Allies Patriot Advantages Believes in War for Independence Home Field Advantage Good Militias Irregular Lines of Fighting British Disadvantages 3,000 Miles From Home Getting Supplies to America Unfamiliar Land Don’t know who the enemy is – they all look alike Patriot Disadvantages Soldiers are Farmers Little Training Old Weapons No Experienced Leaders No Money

Valley Forge movie 24:15-33:20

Poland Casimir Pulaski Thaddeus Kosciuszko Germany Johann de Kalb Friedrich von Steuben France Marquis de Lafayette – teaches them fighting techniques Spanish Governor of Louisiana Sent guns, food, money, and later soldiers to Florida to fight the British - Von Steuben works wonders with the troops training them to how to march and how to be real soldiers. Teaches troops how to fight the European way and teaches them how to use the a bayonet during a charge.

DateBattleLocation 4/19/1775The Battles of Lexington and ConcordLexington and Concord Massachusetts 5/10/1775The Siege of Fort TiconderogaFort Ticonderoga, New York 5/27/1775The Battle of Chelsea CreekSuffolk County, Massachusetts 6/16/1775The Battle of Bunker (Breeds) HillCharlestown, Massachusetts 12/31/1775The Battle of QuebecQuebec City, Province of Quebec 8/27/1776The Battle of Long Island (Brooklyn Heights)Long Island, New York 10/28/1776The Battle of White PlainsWhite Plains, New York 11/16/1776The Battle of Fort WashingtonWashington Heights, Manhattan, New York 12/26/1776The Battle of TrentonTrenton, New Jersey 1/3/1777The Battle of PrincetonPrinceton, New Jersy 8/6/1777The Battle of OriskanyOriskany, New York 8/16/1777The Battle of BenningtonBennington, New York 9/11/1777The Battle of BrandywineNear Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania

9/19/1777The Battle of Saratoga (Freeman's Farm)Saratoga County, New York 10/4/1777The Battle of GermantownGermantown, Pennsylvania 10/7/1777The Battle of Saratoga (Bemis Heights)Saratoga County, New York 6/28/1778The Battle of MonmouthMonmouth, New Jersey 12/29/1778The Capture of SavannahSavannah, Georgia 3/29/1780The Siege of CharlestonCharleston, South Carolina 8/16/1780The Battle of CamdenNorth of Camden, South Carolina 10/7/1780The Battle of King's MountainNear Blackburn, SC and King's Mountain, NC 1/17/1781The Battle of CowpensCowpens, South Carolina 3/15/1781The Battle of Guilford CourthouseGuilford Courthouse, North Carolina 9/8/1781The Battle of Eutaw SpringsNear present-day Eutawville, South Carolina 10/9/1781The Battle of YorktownYorktown, Virginia DateBattleLocation

Battle of Cowpens Nathaneal Greene, commanding the American forces in the Carolinas, was faced by serious supply problems. He decided to detachment two forces from his main army. One, under Daniel Morgan, around 1000 men was well balanced, with a core of experienced Continental Infantry, Maryland and Virginia Militia, and a Continental Cavalry force under Colonel William Washington. To Cornwallis, this force was a threat to the left flank of his planned advance into North Carolina and he sent a force commanded by Tarleton to catch it. The British force of 1,100 was composed of Tarleton's own British Legion, supported by regular infantry. Tarleton's plan was quite simple. His men were to catch Morgan and immediately attack, expecting the militia to break, leaving the Continentals outnumbered. However, Morgan anticipated this, and deployed his men well. On 17 February 1781 he formed up in three lines at Hannah's Cowpens. First was a skirmishing line of about 150 sharpshooters. Next came the Carolina militia, whose orders were to fire two volleys and then withdraw behind the third line, of Continental Infantry and the Virginia Militia, placed on top of a hill. Once the British were engaged against this third line, the South Carolina militia on one flank and the Continental Cavalry on the other were to outflank them.

Tarleton fell into the trap. The American plan worked as expected. The riflemen and militia inflicted heavy casualties on the British, and then pulled back behind the line. The British were further surprised when the third line of American regulars did not retreat, as they had so often done in the past, but instead held their ground and fired on the advancing British. The British were convinced that the Americans were about the break, and their own formations started to lose their integrity as they moved to chase what they thought was a broken enemy. However, the American movement was not a retreat, and Morgan was able to form them up behind the hill. The British in pursuit crested the hill to find not a retreating rabble, but an intact force that now turned and fired on the British. The units exposed to this fire broke almost instantly. Washington's cavalry and the militia now attacked the rest of the British force. The battle was lost within minutes. Tarleton managed to escape with forty cavalry, but the majority of his men surrendered. At a cost of 12 dead and 60 wounded, Morgan had largely destroyed Tarleton's force. With 525 prisoners, 100 dead and 229 wounded (also captured), Tarleton had suffered losses of over 75%..

The Patriot – The Battle of Cowpens

Battle of Yorktown – Sept – 20,600 American and French soldiers surround Cornwallis and force him to surrender, the war is almost over!

How did the American Revolution end? The War Ends Page 184

Treaty – an agreement between two or more countries Terms of the Treaty Remove all British soldiers from the colonies Accept the United States independence Pay for towns that were destroyed British Request Loyalists be treated fairly Treaty of Paris Sept. 3, 1783

Final Agreement Named the United States of America as a new nation The United States of America would reach from Florida to Northern border (an imaginary line that goes through the Great lakes) and the Mississippi River will form the Western border.

The War Ends Results of the war: The United Stated won independence. Many Loyalists moved to Canada or the western frontier. Many Native Americans lost their land. Americans felt justified because Native Americans had sided with the British. Slavery continued. “All men are created equal” did not apply to enslaved Africans. The government needed the support of Southern plantation owners who depended on slavery. Page 189

A NEW COUNTRY IS FORM… AFTER 8 YEARS OF WAR! THE COLONIES ARE ON THEIR OWN… YET THE 3 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE 13 NEW STATES WERE FAR FROM UNITED... WHO IS IN CHARGE??? WHAT WOULD COME OF THE NEW COUNTRY???

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