Chapter six notes

The French in America Originated by Jacques Cartier 1608 (1 yr after Jamestown), Quebec settled by Samuel Champlain become friendly with the Algonquin tribe (in particular the Hurons) –ironic fate, as they are the arch rival of the Iriqois –French guns trades will cause a lack of balance among the Indian Tribes –Iroquois hate the French for this alliance, will eventually side with the British

Louisiana Named after King Louis XIV, Claimed after Robert Lasalle sailed down the Mississippi river and set up forts in what would become New Orleans Led to French establishment of forts along major rivers. Provides an outlet for furs and grains obtained by the French Beginning of wars of major nations, England, France and Spain

3 Major (world wars ensue) #1 King Williams War ( ) (not a big deal to colonists) #2 War of Spanish succession or Queen Anne’s war –basic draw in N.A. –France loses in Europe –English gain Nova Scotia, New Foundland, and Hudson Bay from France

#3 King Georges War 1744 –England and colonists win in N.A. –France wins in Europe –England give back its prior winnings in NA to avoid losses near home Includes island of Louisburg which sits at the mouth of the St. Lawrence river (tactical location for French)

Ohio Co In 1749, spies were sent to check on the French control along the Ohio River. Witness the building of large fort called Fort Duquesne –Young colonist, George Washington given troops in 1754 to build a road, and attack the fort. –Temporarily, they defeat the French and rename the fort— Neccessity. –French take it back, and capture WA and all of his troops. They are allowed to go, and to send message back to the government of England and colonies –Fort renamed Duquesne

VA worried, Colonists, led by Ben Franklin try to convince others to ally together as the Iriquois had. –Ideas heard –Idea is rejected – Colonists request military help from England, and 1000 soldiers sent under General Braddock Not familiar with tactics of Indians Early battles are massacres of English and Colonists

French and Indian War 4 th World War coincided with the seven year war fought in Europe, Philippines, Africa, and West Indies. Early war a debacle for English in North America French weakened by numbers thrown at attempt to defeat Germany British strengthened by the promotion of William Pitt to prime minister.

Plains of Abraham Most famous battle of the war (still studies by military strategists) James Wolfe (GB) v. Montcalm (Fr) Surprise, night attack of Quebec leads to the death of both generals and the over taking of French city by the British Also, Gen. Amherst (GB) took Montreal 1761, fighting in America stops

1763—Treaty of Paris France totally eliminated from NA (except for a few islands) British took all of Canada, and all land west to the Mississippi British took Spanish Florida

Result of F&I War Removal of threat of France, weakened Colonists reliance on Eng. Forced Eng. To toughen laws to control the land (from Indian attacks and colonial rebellion) Fighting together had shown colonists that there existed similarities between each other.

Pontiac’s War 1763, chief leads a united attack on all forts in the Ohio Valley (takes all but Detroit and Pitt-formerly Duquesne) English fight back and take back the forts after heavy losses of soldier and colonists’ lives. Proclamation line of 1763 –Denies any colonists the right to travel west of a drawn line down the Appalachian mtns. –They couldn’t afford to keep protecting citizens –Angered independent colonists

Beginning of the end of British control of the colonies Proclamation Act and new taxes to pay for the expensive war in NA and Europe enrage many colonists. Regarded as the first in a series of escalating tensions that ultimately lead to the American revolution.

Due Tuesday: 1.Test question revisions 2. read ch A timeline that shows the actions and reactions of the colonists and the British Govt. from the Treaty of Paris in 1763 (end of Ch. 6), to the Battles of Lexington and Concord in 1775.