8 th Grade History Final Exam Review pages 1-2

The way in which a group of people live is called _______________.

culture

Early civilizations were polytheistic. This means that their culture worshiped ________________.

Many gods

The spread of ideas and beliefs through trade and warfare is known as _____________.

Cultural diffusion

Many of the Greek city states had written constitutions. A constitution is ____________.

A written set of laws

The Greek polis’ practiced democracy in their governments. A democracy as practiced in some Greek polis’ is ruled by _____________.

The people

The Islamic faith was founded by

Muhammad

A Christian uses the Bible like a Muslim uses the ______.

Koran (Quran)

The basis of power under the feudal system was...

Land ownership

The Pope’s main purpose of the Crusades?

To take back control of the Muslim shrines in Jerusalem

Although the Crusades failed to achieve their goal, what was a positive result of the Crusades?

Western Europeans found new trade routes

What did the Magna Carta do?

It decreased the king’s power

A time of new interest in Greek and Roman classical writing, the arts, and the world was called ____________________.

Renaissance

Early Americans became farmers and formed communities once they had ________

A dependable food supply

Asian hunters migrated into North America by

The Beringia land bridge

Many Native Americans died after the Spanish invasion because of _______.

disease

The voyages of Christopher Columbus led to contact and an exchange between Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas called ________________.

The Columbian Exchange

Who broke from the Catholic Church and began a new religious movement?

Martin Luther

What did the French want to establish in the Americas?

Fishing and fur trade

Define Mercantilism

Defines the economic relationship between a mother country and its colonies

Labor for the southern rice fields was provided by _______________.

Enslaved Africans

What theory holds that a nation’s power depends on expanding its trade?

mercantilism

The Proclamation of 1763 prohibited colonist from moving west of the...

Appalachian Mountains

Who opposed any compromise with the American colonists?

George III

The man who wrote the Declaration of Independence was...

Thomas Jefferson

The “shot heard round the world”

Lexington and Concord

Which colonists did not consider unfair taxes a good enough reason for rebellion?

Loyalists

Which colonists wanted to fight the British for American independence?

Patriots

King George III agreed to give the Americans their freedom after the victory at...

Yorktown

The British promised to withdraw all troops from the American territory in the _______

Treaty of Paris 1783

Why were African Americans made victims of lynchings in the late 1800s?

They were attempting to vote

Which institution or policy did Hamilton, as a Federalist, support?

The creation of a national bank

Why were New Englanders more likely to support the Federalist Party rather than the Democratic–Republicans?

Federalists supported protective tariffs

In the case of Marbury vs. Madison, which Supreme Court right was established?

The Supreme Court could declare a law unconstitutional

The major causes of the War of 1812 were

British attacks on American ships and increased Indian problems